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Urban Morphology
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BASIC CONCEPTS URBAN MORPHOLOGY :
The study of the form and shape of settlement (Carmona et al. 2003) Refers to “type” Refers to “physical condition or surface of something” In means that: An urban environment is constituted from: Types of component/element and has certain effect on its physical setting.
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Land use, time or “tempo”, meaning, transformation
Façade, building mass, parcel, street network Townscape, street scape Kota Lama, Semarang
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Hamstead Garden Surburb
Cadastal Plan (1975) Town plan or ground plan Building fabric Land and building utilization (Conzenian townscape) Town Street systems Plot patterns Building patterns (Morphological analysis) (Panerai et al. 2004)
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Basic concepts PURPOSE
Pay attention to historical development of urban area. Provide lessons for future, as basis for rooting the future management in the historical development. (Whitehand. 2001) “Morphogenetic priority” : reflect persistence or lifespan of elements that comprise the form of complex. (Whitehand. 2007) Resistence to change. Historico-morphological characteristics Contribution to hierarchy of units
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2 1 Ponticelli, Napoli Reconstruction Situation in between, expansion of family Dense built area 3
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Cyclus of building and use lifespan
Burgage cycle
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To elaborate the historical content
Basic concepts TYPE vs STANDART “A construct of conventions and norms that exist in a certain region or town that have evolved over time on the basis of experience” “Logical” rules (“syntax”) Historical value “TYPE” is rich of cultural meaning; “STANDART” just consists technical norms and lack and culturally poor. To elaborate the historical content In design process..
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THREE MAIN APPROACHES MURATORIAN Approach:
ITALIAN SCHOOL MURATORIAN Approach: “Type” has central role, the typo-morphological approach. Spatial structure has material form. There are existed “rules” governing the spatial transformation. The spatial system carries cultural meaning
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Three main approaches ITALIAN SCHOOL TYPO - MORPHOLOGICAL analysis:
Dialectic between building typologies and urban morphology Systematic way to classify the environment in structuring findings of people-environment studies. Focus on vernacular tradition. Address interrelationship between all scales of environment. Recognize temporal continuities and discontinuities in the environment.
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Three main approaches ITALIAN SCHOOL BUILDING ENVIRONMENT PART WHOLE
CITY HISTORY
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Three main approaches ITALIAN SCHOOL Territory City District Building
Typo – morphological analysis Territory City District Building Design elements Internal structure of elements Form and use Materializa-tion Scale Levels Aspects
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Three main approaches ITALIAN SCHOOL Canignian’s scale levels
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Three main approaches ITALIAN SCHOOL CANIGNIAN’s idea :
Archetype : looking for the basic type, studied from the preceding types. Use the archetype (basic type) to develop new buildings or environment that incorporated lessons from the past Preceding types New environment
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Moudon
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Moudon
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Moudon
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Three main approaches FRENCH SCHOOL GROWTH TYPOLOGY URBAN LANDSCAPE
SOCIAL PRACTICES URBAN STRUCTURES
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Three main approaches FRENCH SCHOOL
Starting from existing characteristics Research depend on situation General criteria are not sensible
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Three main approaches M.R.G. CONZEN (Conzenian approach) :
ENGLISH SCHOOL M.R.G. CONZEN (Conzenian approach) : Geographical approach Aimed at detailed descriptions Classical natural science Parcel as “engine” of the city structure
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Land / Building Utilization
Three main approaches ENGLISH SCHOOL Town Plan / Ground Plan Building Fabric Land / Building Utilization Streets Site, street, block Parcels 3D Form Buildings Land use
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METHODOLOGY PRINCIPLES OF MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Fundamental physical elements Buildings Open spaces Streets plots Different levels of resolutions Building / plot, district, city, territory Historical analysis Continuity/discontinuity Urban process, transformation
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Methodology PURPOSES OF ANALYSIS PURPOSES ITALIAN SCHOOL FRENCH SCHOOL
ENGLISH SCHOOL DESCRIPTIVE and EXPLANATORY PRESCRIPTIVE ASSESS IMPACT of PAST DESIGN THEORY
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Methodology COMPONENTS MURATORIAN CONZENIAN Land uses
Building structures Plot pattern Street pattern Design elements Internal structures Form and uses Materialization CONZENIAN MURATORIAN
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Methodology COMPONENTS PURPOSES ITALIAN SCHOOL ENGLISH SCHOOL
DESIGN ELEMENTS LAND USE / BUILDING USE PLOT PATTERN STRUCTURE MATERIAL
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Methodology DESCRIPTIVE - EXPLANATORY Building Distric City Territory
Analysis components Building Distric City Territory Analysis components Building Distric City Territory Analysis components RESOLUTION TIME
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Moudon. The role of typomorphological studies in environmental design research.
Panerai et al Urban forms : the death and life of the urban block. Architectural Press. Whitehand Conzenian urban morphology and urban landscapes. Proceedings, 6th International Space Syntax Symposium, Istanbul, 2007. Whitehand British urban morphology : the Conzenian tradition. International Seminar on Urban Form, 2001.
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