2. Microwave for reshaping of cornea - Microwave technology uses since 15 years. - Currently in initial testing. - Is known as keraflex. - Single low energy microwave pulse lasting less than one second. - Energy applied in an annular pattern to corneal mid-periphery. - Single pulse raises the temp of stroma to 65° in the upper 150µ of stroma. - Evaporative cooling technique protect epithelium and bowman’s membrane.

3. - Shrinkage of collagen applies tensile stress to the central cornea causes flattening and reduction of myopia. - Refractive results depends to depth and diameter of the induced collagen. - More peripherally and deeper stromal tensioning causes steepening the cornea for correct hyperopia.

5.  Total treatment time is about 2 seconds  No pain  Transient superficial haze is lost within minutes  First day post OP seems noting done.  Keraflex corrections lifespan : 18-24 months, may extend with CCL  Keraflex KXL for keratoconus. induced refractive effect as well as stabilize the KC

7. The protruding KC cone seen here is substantially de-centered and has a K reading of 52.7 diopters Keraflex effected an 8.1 diopter reduction in the cone and a more prolate shaped cornea