1. 2011 International Wind Diesel Conference Electric Vehicles in SmartGrids Jito Coleman TDX Power

2. 2011 International Wind Diesel Conference 3/8/11 WHY EV? Efficient transportation Renewables displace fuel Good for SmartGrids –Dispatchable Load –Electrical Storage EVs are comings –Light duty cars and trucks –4 wheelers –Snowmobiles ?

3. 2011 International Wind Diesel Conference 3/8/11 EV Mileage 20 KWH Battery 70 mile range: 2/10 kW Charger EV or PHEV - Light Duty Fleet - 3.5 miles / kwh Diesel Genset - 12-15 kwh / gallon EV equivalent mileage 40 - 50 mpg

4. 2011 International Wind Diesel Conference 3/8/11 Electric 4-Wheelers

5. 2011 International Wind Diesel Conference 3/8/11 Electric 4 Wheeler on St. Paul

6. 2011 International Wind Diesel Conference 3/8/11 EV Battery Needs Opportunistic Charging –Slow charging immediately after use –Key to battery life Dual Rate Charging High - 240 V 2 hours Slow - 120 V 12 hours

7. 2011 International Wind Diesel Conference 3/8/11 EV Value in SmartGrids Dispatchable Load Energy Storage Stability - Seconds Spinning Reserve - Minutes Load Shifting - Hours

8. 2011 International Wind Diesel Conference 3/8/11 Dispatchable Load Value EPRI: 75% battery value for SmartGrids is as dispatchable load. Requires Standard on-board vehicle chargers Controlled charger sites –Communications or –Frequency Control at site

9. 2011 International Wind Diesel Conference 3/8/11 Electrical Storage Stability and Spinning Reserve –Bi-Directional Charger (Not Main stream) –Remote control –Battery life issues –Secondary Number of EV’s plugged in State of battery charge User preferences

10. 2011 International Wind Diesel Conference 3/8/11 Electrical Storage Kempton et al U of Delaware

11. 2011 International Wind Diesel Conference 3/8/11 Electrical Storage Load Shifting –Bi-directional charger –50% of value as dispatchable load –Bigger battery life issue –Smaller value proposition –Bigger social issue

12. 2011 International Wind Diesel Conference 3/8/11 Questions for Isolated Grids Can they leverage higher renewable contribution? How will they compare to batteries, flywheels, ultra caps ? Is there financial leverage? What impact from social issues?