1. Emotion and Motivation I

2. Emotions: A brief overview Traditionally –Emotions contrast with reason –Reason is logical –Emotion causes us to deviate from rationality –Is this true?

3. Emotions Emotions are connected to motivation –We cannot access the motivational system –Emotions provide us with a conscious view Approach and Avoidance motivations –Approach: Desirable end states –Avoidance: Undesirable end states –Physiologically separate

4. Dimensions of emotion Valence: Positive or negative Motivation: Approach or avoidance Approach emotions –Positive: Happiness –Negative: Sadness Avoidance emotions –Positive: Relief –Negative: Anxiety/Fear

5. Types of emotion Anticipatory emotions –Desire –Dread Outcome emotions –Happiness, sadness, anxiety, regret, relief

6. Emotion drives evaluation Factors that affect emotions influence choices –Often this is a good thing –Risk is perceived as anxiety This may be why probabilities in lotteries don’t affect people much. People prefer to delay resolution of low-probability lotteries –There is not that much anxiety –Lots of anticipation –Desire often correlates with the goodness of a choice

7. Choice and (mis)attribution We experience emotions –We must explain where they come from –Often it is obvious –Sometimes it is not Dutton & Aron and the bridge Strack & Clore and life satisfaction Misattribution effects in choice –Name-letter effects –Mere exposure effects

8. Attitudes and Behavior Attitude-behavior (in)consistency –Goodness of emotion as a predictor –How much is current situation like the choice situation? –People have difficulty judging future preferences What ice cream will you want tomorrow?