1. Writing and Citing

2. Summarizing a Paper Identify your topic – what are you writing about?

3. Don’t Just Copy… The movement called the “Final Solution” was intended as the basis for the total and complete annihilation of the Jewish culture and religion. This evil plan was in fact the cause for the senseless murder of millions of innocent men, women and children. It was this most wicked of plans that became the reason for the initial parting between myself and my parents as we were delivered to Auschwitz. As we were herded off of the train and through separate entrances into this terrible pit of despair, the dread and terror that had seeped into my heart grew stronger. I somehow knew with a sickening feeling of certainty, that I would never see my mother or father again.

4. Gather Key Points and Where you Got Them From Born in 1901, Died 1984 Grew up in mixed Jewish/Catholic community Spent one year in Krakow Ghetto Spent five years in Auschwitz Feelings of dread, and terror as he entered the camp

5. Note sentences that would make good citations If you see “A” well written sentence that would enhance your paper… Write it down and note where you got it from!

6. You are ready to go! Now you can get started with just a pen, some paper, and your article…

7. When you Do Need to Cite Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author. You must use a parenthetical citation after the quoted passage and ALSO list the resource in your bibliography

8. When you Do Need to Cite Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly. You must use a parenthetical citation after the paraphrased passage and ALSO list the resource in your bibliography

9. When you Do Need to Cite Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material. You do not need to use a parenthetical citation after summaries BUT you must list the resource in your bibliography

10. When you don’t need to cite …When Citation is not Needed… Common sense and ethics should determine your need for documenting sources. You do not need to give sources for familiar proverbs, well-known quotations or common knowledge.

11. What are the differences between a summary and a paraphrase What Is Summarizing? You summarize when you condense an author’s main points in your own words. A summary does not include every detail of the text; instead, it highlights the main points and ideas. It presents the reader with an overall view of the text. Summaries tend to be very brief and capture only the main points or ideas of a text.

12. Tips for Summarizing Try to remain as objective as possible; unless you are asked to do so, you should not give your opinion on the author’s viewpoint. If you use any direct words or phrases from the original text, you must put them in quotation marks and cite them correctly. You need to include any resources that you summarize on your Works Cited page. Using active reading strategies, such as highlighting, underlining, and annotating, is a good way to start your summary. It’s a good idea to be able to write a summary for any essay you read; this is an effective way to test your own reading comprehension.

13. What Is Paraphrasing? Paraphrasing is a way to restate an author’s words or ideas in your own words. A paraphrase differs from a summary in that it usually focuses on a very specific section or sentence. A summary, meanwhile, focuses on the article or essay in its entirety. A paraphrase is not necessarily shorter than the original wording. On the other hand, a summary should be more concise than the original source material. It is a wonderful way of understanding complex material and, often, making it clearer to your reader.

14. Tips for Paraphrasing Place the information in a new order. Break the complex ideas into small units. Use concrete, direct vocabulary in place of technical jargon. Use synonyms for words in the source. Accompany each important fact or idea in your notes with the source author and page number. Try to incorporate the paraphrase smoothly into the grammar and style of your own writing Paraphrases still need to be introduced well and cited correctly. If you paraphrase any words or phrases from the original text, you must put them in quotation marks and cite them correctly. You still need to include the source on your Works Cited page if you paraphrased.

15. What Are These Three Things? And why bother using them anyways…? Quotations, paraphrases, and summaries serve many purposes. You might use them to... Provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing Refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing Give examples of several points of view on a subject Call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with Highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original Distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the words are not your own Expand the breadth or depth of your writing

16. Some help with Writing and Citation http://www.noodletools.com/index.php http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/ 557/01/ http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/ 557/01/ http://www.Fish4info.org http://www.Fish4info.org