1. AESI Student Day Animal Cloning and the Food Chain: A View of Irish Stakeholder Opinion Cathal Murphy Thursday 5th Nov 2009

2. Literature Review Expert Stakeholder Interviews Focus Group Study Consumer Survey Disseminate Results Analysis To deliver insight into future market performance of cloned food in Ireland, along with indigenous technology development for this field.  First study of its kind Project Outline

3. Overview of Animal Cloning Occurs in nature Embryonic nuclear transfer in cattle in 1986 Multiple generations of ECNT in cattle in 1993 The birth of Dolly the Sheep in 1996 using SCNT

4. Suggested Benefits of SCNT Cloning to the Food Industry Producer-Orientated Benefits: Preserve and extend proven, superior genetics Superior animals that can no longer reproduce In conjunction with GM: Alter milk composition Prion or BSE-free livestock, Prevention of mastitis Consumer-Orientated Benefits: Cheaper ‘premium’ product More tender meat. Better marbling Alter fat or cholesterol composition –Healthier Meat

5. Overview of Animal Cloning Not covered by EU food safety legislation  EFSA report (Jan 2008)  EGE in science and new technologies (Jan 2008)  Parliament calls for ban (Sept 2008)  Eurobarometer Survey (Oct 2008)  EFSA Statement (June 2009) Europa (2008). Opinion n°23 - 16/01/2008 - Ethical aspects of animal cloning for food supply. European-Group-on-Ethics-in-Science-and-New-Technologies. European-Parliment. (2008). "European Parliament resolution of 3 September 2008 on the cloning of animals for food supply." EFSA. (2008). "Food Safety, Animal Health and Welfare and Environmental Impact of Animals[1] derived from Cloning by Somatic Cell Nucleus Transfer (SCNT) and their Offspring and Products Obtained from those Animals[2] ", from http://www.efsa.europa.eu/cs/BlobServer/Scientific_Opinion/sc_op_ej767_animal_cloning_en,0.pdf?ssbinary=true.

6. Responses of the Irish Public 64% were unsure what cloning was. -Highest in Europe National Food Agencies –Most Trusted Positives: No.1 reason is for worldwide food shortages Cloning Animals for health benefits -third highest in Europe Price Barriers: 46% would not consume it Cloned animals and their offspring? 75% see cloning for food as unethical

7. Concerns as expressed in the literature Consumer Concerns: GM comparisons  Beyond traditional food safety Ethical Considerations Industry Concerns: Animal Biotechnology  Behind human, microbial and plant biotech  Reduction in funding (Garnier 2003)

8. Perceived Risk for Consumers Technical Risk Estimate Statistical data ‘Real risk’ Health of Animals Ethical Matrix Animals, Producers, Consumers Well-being, Autonomy, Justice Psychometric Model New food technologies  Newness / dread Moral Risk Against Nature Unnatural Risk Cultural Theory Societal conflict over risk Is perceived risk in cloning is clustered in any particular groups. Douglas, M., & Wildavsky, A. B. (1982). Risk and culture: An essay on the selection of technical and environmental dangers. Berkeley: University of California Press. Sjoberg (2000) Slovic, P. and B. Fischhoff (1982). "Targeting Risks." Risk Analysis 2(4): 227-234. Mepham and Forbes (1995) Ethical Aspects of Immunomodulation in Farm animals. Livestock Production Science 42, 265-272

9. In-depth interview series  Perspective to inform the project 3 Groupings:  Influencers  Potential funders  Potential end-users Scientists, Religious Organisations, Scientific Communicators, Farming Representatives, Regulators, Animal Breeding Experts, Dairy Producers, Meat Producers What do the experts think?

10. In-depth Interview Quotes If you can make something better and it can have a significant impact on someone’s well being –a health benefit-, commercially –for the beef farmer-, for me - as the producer-, for the end-user, it should be explored, it should be done. Beef Producer I think that it is playing God and it’s a boundary we shouldn’t be crossing. Animal Welfare Representative Putting in a gene into a chicken seems to me, personally, just not at ball-park in terms of the animal welfare comparison to battery (farm conditions) Technology Developer

11. What do the experts think? Preliminary findings:  Not on the agenda  Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART)  Rejection on principle  Against nature  Cloning for health?

12. Future Tasks Focus Group Study  Test risk perception  Explore benefits Consumer Survey  250 individuals  An insight into the future of food derived from cloned animals in Ireland Deliver Results (circulate study data, publications)

13. Thank you Questions?