2. 101. Sectionalism is a strong sense of loyalty to a state or section instead of to the whole country. Sectionalism Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

3. 102. Frederick Douglass was a former slave who became a well-known abolitionist in the country. “The blessings in which you, this day, rejoice, are not enjoyed in common….This Fourth of July is yours not mine. You may rejoice, I must mourn.” - Frederick Douglass, speaking at a 4th of July celebration in 1852 Frederick Douglass Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

4. 103. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, an Anti-slavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, created widespread abolitionist support among Northerners. If you don’t own a copy of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, you can git one at the Stowe! Get it? Tee-hee! Uncle Tom’s Cabin Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

5. 104. Dred Scott v. Sanford -1857 was the Supreme Court decision that said slaves were property and not citizens and thus can’t sue in court. It would find the Missouri Compromise of 1820 to be unconstitutional and aggravated sectional tensions between North and South. It’s wrong! Shockingly wrong! Dred Scott v. Sanford Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

6. 105. In 1859 John Brown, An abolitionist who believed armed resistance to slavery was necessary, seized a federal arsenal in Harper’s Ferry, Virginia, in an attempt to begin a slave rebellion. He was captured and later executed. Grab a gun and free yourself!!! I’ll be a hero to abolitionists everywhere!! (#16, 2000 TAAS) John Brown – Villain or Hero? abolitionist Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

7. 106. The Civil War was fought from 1861-1865.Civil War Confederates Union Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

8. 107. The 3 causes of the Civil War were: Slavery State’s Rights Sectionalism Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction Northern abolitionists want an end to slavery States have the right to declare unfair laws unconstitutional Southern states stick together to protect slavery

9. 108. Abraham Lincoln 16th President of the United States (Union); served during the Civil War Has anyone seen my stovepipe hat? Abraham Lincoln Thank you and stuff. Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

10. 109. Jefferson Davis was the President of the Confederacy during the Civil War. Jefferson Davis I want to be president… Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

11. 110. Ulysses S. Grant was the General of the Union Army and accepted Lee’s surrender at Appomattox Court House, ending the Civil War. Ulysses S Grant “No other terms than unconditional and immediate surrender. I propose to move immediately upon your works.” Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

12. 111. was the General of the Confederate Army. His defeat at Gettysburg would be a turning point in the Civil War. Robert E. Lee Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction Never do a wrong thing to make a friend or keep one.

13. 112. was the 2nd best General of the Confederate Army. His accidental death in 1863, was a huge loss for Robert E. Lee’s Army. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

14. 113. During the Civil War, the Southern economy’s dependence on, led to a Southern lack of: slavery Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction FACTORIES (for making weapons) RAILROADS (for transporting soldiers + war supplies)

15. 114. -stated that, “no state…can lawfully get out of the Union”, but pledged there would be no war unless the South started it. Lincoln’s First Inaugural Address Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction “no State upon its own mere motion can lawfully get out of the Union; that resolves and ordinances to that effect are legally void… I therefore consider that in view of the Constitution and the laws the Union is unbroken”Constitution

16. 115. The first shots of the Civil War were fired at Fort Sumter - Charleston, South Carolina. Fort Sumter Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction Pierre Teutante Beauregard Robert Anderson Edmund Ruffin

17. 116. The, with 23,000 casualties, was the bloodiest single day battle of the Civil War. (and all of U.S. History) September 17, 1862 Battle of Antietam Though not much of a “victory” for the North, it was enough to convince Lincoln to issue his Emancipation Proclamation on New Year’s Day. Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

18. 117. Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, setting all slaves in the Confederate states free. Emancipation Proclamation Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

19. 118. The Battle of Gettysburg, July1-3,1863, was the turning point in the Civil War where Lee’s army is defeated. Wanna check out my severed leg? Battle of Gettysburg Dan Sickles Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

20. 119. The Gettysburg Address - speech given by Lincoln dedicating a cemetery for soldiers who died at the Battle of Gettysburg. It is considered to be a profound statement of American ideals. Gettysburg Address Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

21. 120. The capture of Vicksburg, Mississippi by the North in 1863, was important because it gave the Union Army control of the Mississippi River. Vicksburg Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

22. 121. Appomattox Court House, Virginia is where Robert E. Lee surrendered the Confederate Army to Ulysses S. Grant, ending the Civil War. Appomattox Court House Surrender, for your own safety! Never give up; never surrender! Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

23. 122. Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address was meant to help heal and restore the country after four years of Civil War. It stated the South should be treated fairly. “With malice [hatred] toward none, with charity for all,…let us strive on to…bind up the nation’s wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and…to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves…” Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

24. 123. John Wilkes Booth’s assassination of in 1865, led to increased tension between the North and South and strict requirements for Southern states to meet in order to regain representation in Congress after the Civil War. Abraham Lincoln Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

25. 124. Both of the following men were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for their heroism during the Civil War. Philip Bazaar William Carney African American who served in the 54 th Regiment of Massachusetts at Fort Wagner South American immigrant who served in the Navy at the Battle of Fort Fisher Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

26. 125. from Mississippi, was the first African American elected to Congress in 1870. Hiram Rhodes Revels Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

27. 126. 13 th Amendment– abolished slavery in U.S. “Slavery …shall (not) exist within the United States..” 13 th Amendment Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

28. 127. The 14 th Amendment – Defined the rights of citizenship & prevented states from interfering with the rights of citizens. This is an important amendment!! Section 1. “All persons…are citizens of the United States... No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens… nor… deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny… the equal protection of the laws.” 14 th Amendment Section 2. “Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers…But when the right to vote…is denied to any of the inhabitants of such State, and citizens of the United States…the basis therein shall be reduced…” States that interfere with citizens rights will lose representation! Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

29. 128. The 15th Amendment – “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged … on account of race” I’m free, I have the rights of all citizens (14 th amend), and I get to vote? YAY!! Sadly, many southern states would find ways to prevent African- Americans from voting. 15 th Amendment Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

30. 129. The 19th Amendment – “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied … on account of sex.” Hey Susan B. Anthony, I am suffering ‘cause I can’t vote. Suffrage will cure your suffering, Elizabeth Cady Stanton! 1920 19 th Amendment Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

31. 130. Primary Sources are the original records of an event. Including eyewitness reports, records created at the time of an event, speeches/letters by people involved in the event, photographs and artifacts. Secondary Sources are later writings and interpretations of historians/writers. Often secondary sources, like textbooks and articles, provide summaries of information found in primary sources. Super STAAR 130 Greatest American History Facts: Colonization thru Reconstruction

32. History Rocks!!