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20c China: The Road to Communism
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Dr. Sun Yixian (1866 – 1925) (Dr. Sun Yat-sen)
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Chinese Warlords, 1920s Yuan Shi-kai
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China After the end of the dynastic rule
Government not in control Economic collapse Rule of law? What does this say about the shape China was in?
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China in 1924
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Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary
(Mao Tse-tung)
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Jiang Jieshi Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928
(Chiang Kai-shek)
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The Long March 1934
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The Long March
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Japan Invades China 1937
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Overview (write this):
Agricultural society Corrupt warlords took over after the dynasties fell Chiang Kai-Shek (nationalist) takes power Long March (communists gaining support) Japan begins invading China
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Japanese Aggression,
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Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.
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Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking December 9, 1937
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Dates to Remember: 1937-Japan invaded China
1939-Germany invaded Poland (official start of WWII) 1941-Pearl Harbor was bombed and we entered the war 1945-atomic bombing of Japan—war ends
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The Communist Revolution:
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Overview: WWII ends China realizes that their leader was wimpy
Communism spreads Chiang Kai-Shek moves to Taiwan to start “The New, Real China” (he was nuts)
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More to write: Domino Theory (fear of the spread of communism)
Containment Policy (to follow)—don’t let it spread! Fact: the U.S. didn’t acknowledge Communist China until 1972! We still tried to support Chiang Kai-Shek until then
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The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949
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The Communist Victory
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Taiwan: The Republic of China
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The People’s Republic of China
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Reasons for the Communists’ Success
Mao won support of peasants – land Mao won support of women Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.
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The Great Leap Forward (or Backward?)
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Great Leap Forward, 1958 Communes
5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry Communes Groups of people who live and work together Property held in common Had production quotas Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt agriculture
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Communist China Under Mao
Industrialized China Increased literacy Class privileges ended Rural Chinese received health care One-party dictatorship Denied people basic rights and freedoms
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Mao, Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama in Beijing, 1954
Tibet --> an autonomous area. Dalai Lama fled in the late 1950s to India.
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The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution
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A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS”
Old Thoughts Old Culture Old Customs Old Habits To Rebel Is Good!
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Communist China Under Mao
Designed to renew revolutionary spirit and establish a more equitable society Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place Schools shut down – students revolted Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers
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A Red Guard
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Red Guards March to Canton
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With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the word 'Usefulness'. (1968) Cult of Personality
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The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us together Zhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, 1968 Mao’s Little Red Book
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Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of struggle! 1967-1972
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Propaganda Poster
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“Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great Wall, 1971
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Mao Meets President Nixon, 1972
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Power Struggle Communist Traditionalists Modernists Zhou Enlai
1976 Zhou Enlai “The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan
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Communist Government and a Capitalist Economy
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Deng Xiaoping ( )
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De-Maoization “The 4 Modernizations” Progress in: Industry Science
Agriculture Industry Science Defense Class struggle was no longer the central focus!
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Gap Between Rich & Poor Deng: If you open a window, some flies naturally get in!
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Tiananmen Square, 1989 More democracy!
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Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University
Tiananmen Square, 1989 Student activist, Wang Dan, Beijing University
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Democracy—Our Common Ideal!
Tiananmen Square, 1989 Democracy—Our Common Ideal!
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The “Goddess of Democracy”
Tiananmen Square, 1989 The “Goddess of Democracy”
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The Government Clamps Down
Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Government Clamps Down
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Tiananmen Square, 1989 One Lone Man’s Protest
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The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In
Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Massacre: The People’s Army Moves In
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The Army Looks for Dissidents
Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Army Looks for Dissidents
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Student Leaders Are Arrested
Tiananmen Square, 1989 Student Leaders Are Arrested
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Chinese Students Mourn the Dead
Tiananmen Square, 1989 Chinese Students Mourn the Dead
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The Reestablishment of Order
Tiananmen Square, 1989 The Reestablishment of Order
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What’s the Message Here?
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Demography may be no surer predictor of destiny than trade data. But of the two momentous changes championed by Deng Xiaoping a quarter-century ago, coercive population controls and experiments with market economics, the jury is still out on which will do more to shape China's long-term potential.
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Demography
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Demography There are too many retirees in China, and not enough young people to replace them. Think about it—WHY? You know this!
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Demography "The evidence is overwhelming that a large population of unmarried adult males is a risk factor for both crime and war," Ms. den Boer said in an interview. "The fact that China is an authoritarian country is another risk factor."
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