1. http://users.ox.ac.uk/~ball0888 /lectures /logic

2. Fantasy Logic League A weekly competition… …in the art of deduction

4. Previously on THG…

5. 22 November, 1963 Nightmare on Elm Street

7. Oswald Sentences [A] If Oswald didn’t shoot Kennedy, then somebody else did. [B] If Oswald doesn’t shoot Kennedy, then somebody else will. [C] If Oswald hadn’t shot Kennedy, then somebody else would have.

9. The scientific study of: English Grammar

10. Miss Ann Widdecombe

11. Spinster of this parish…

12. …and, indeed, of all the other parishes as well

13. A woman of many parts…

14. ….clumsily assembled

15. Truly, the face that ate a thousand chips.

16. Miss Anne Widdecombe at the Conservative Party Conference

18. A Counterblast English has NO infinitive English has NO moods – neither indicative nor subjunctive nor any other English has but TWO tenses – present and past

20. Madness! Ignorance! Stupidity! Snobbery!

23. Ambiguity

24. We must have the worst JCR food in Oxford

25. That dart might have landed in baby’s eye

26. Sentence vs. Message

27. Truth is not a property of Sentences

28. Truth is a property of Messages

29. Message determines Sentence

31. If Oswald didn’t shoot Kennedy, then somebody else did

32. April, 1985 A train from Paddington to Bodmin…

34. The Adventure of….

36. The curious incident of the dog in the night-time “Is there any point to which you would wish to draw my attention?” “To the curious incident of the dog in the night-time” “The dog did nothing in the night-time.” “That was the curious incident,” remarked Sherlock Holmes.

37. The Mystery of…. Modus Ponens

38. P If P, then Q So: Q

39. Oswald didn’t shoot Kennedy… And if Oswald didn’t shoot Kennedy… …then somebody else did. So: Somebody else did.

41. April, 1985 Oxford

47. The Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson

49. Lewis Carroll

51. "What the Tortoise Said to Achilles," Mind 4, No. 14 (April 1895): 278-280.

52. Zeno of Elea

53. A Farewell to Arms

54. Zeno of Elea

55. Achilles and the Tortoise

57. [A] Someone shot Kennedy [B] Oswald didn’t So [Z] Somebody else did

58. [A] Someone shot Kennedy [B] Oswald didn’t [C] If A and B, then Z [D] If A and B and C, then Z [E] If A and B and C and D, then Z [F] If A and ……oh, forget it!

60. Words/Sentences Ideas/Messages Logic

61. Words

62. Although it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardiganAlthough Because it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped offBecause Since there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate placeSince Unless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42Unless Whether or not you like them, carrots are good for youWhether or not

63. Despite the fact that Mike Tyson is a convicted rapist, this government let him in Even if Grannie was gunned down this morning, she’s chirpy enough nowEven if If Oswald didn’t shoot Kennedy, somebody else didIf

64. Compound Sentences Compounded out of prior sentences

65. AlthoughAlthough it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan BecauseBecause it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

66. Although it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan BecauseBecause it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

67. Although it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan Because it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

68. Although it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan Because it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off Since there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

69. Although it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan Because it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off Since there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place Unless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

70. Although it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan Because it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off Since there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place Unless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

71. The Independent Sentence

72. AlthoughAlthough it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan BecauseBecause it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

73. AlthoughAlthough it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan BecauseBecause it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

74. AlthoughAlthough it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan BecauseBecause it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

75. AlthoughAlthough it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan BecauseBecause it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

76. AlthoughAlthough it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan BecauseBecause it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

77. AlthoughAlthough it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan BecauseBecause it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

78. The Subsidiary String

79. AlthoughAlthough it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan BecauseBecause it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

80. Although it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan BecauseBecause it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

81. Although it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan Because it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

82. Although it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan Because it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off Since there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

83. Although it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan Because it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off Since there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place Unless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

84. Although it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan Because it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off Since there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place Unless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

85. A Subordinating Conjunction prefixed to The Dependent Sentence

87. Although it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardiganAlthough Her Majesty wore a cardigan, although it was very hot.although Her Majesty - although it was very hot -wore a cardiganalthough Her Majesty wore - although it was very hot - a cardiganalthough

88. Although Her Majesty wore a cardigan, it was very hot

90. Ideas

91. AlthoughAlthough it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan BecauseBecause it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

92. Compound Messages Compounded out of prior messages

93. Independent message: m i Dependent message: m d Status modifier: * Compound message: m c

94. m c : m d *, m i

95. Ambiguity

96. (In those days) Her Majesty wore a cardigan (Yesterday) Her Majesty wore a cardigan

97. (In those days) Her Majesty wore a cardigan (Yesterday) Her Majesty wore a cardigan

98. (In those days) Her Majesty wore a cardigan (Yesterday) Her Majesty wore a cardigan

99. m c : m d *, m i

100. AlthoughAlthough it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan BecauseBecause it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

101. Despite the fact that Mike Tyson is a convicted rapist, this government let him in Even if Grannie was gunned down this morning, she’s chirpy enough nowEven if If Oswald didn’t shoot Kennedy, somebody else didIf

102. Selection of ‘if’ grants accords the dependent message the status of an hypothesis

103. Which means: It is being treated as true… …whether or not it really is.

104. ? Structure Truth Affirmation

105. m c : m d *, m i

106. Compound Messages cannot be True (or False)

107. AlthoughAlthough it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardigan BecauseBecause it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped off SinceSince there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate place UnlessUnless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42 Whether or notWhether or not you like them, carrots are good for you

108. Despite the fact that Mike Tyson is a convicted rapist, this government let him in Even if Grannie was gunned down this morning, she’s chirpy enough nowEven if If Oswald didn’t shoot Kennedy, somebody else didIf

109. m c : m d *, m i

110. The Independent message is affirmed outright, unless there is rational reason to think otherwise

111. Although it was very hot, Her Majesty wore a cardiganAlthough Because it was very hot, Her Majesty stripped offBecause Since there are no trees in Orkney, it is a desolate placeSince Unless I have made a mistake, the answer is 42Unless Whether or not you like them, carrots are good for youWhether or not

112. Despite the fact that Mike Tyson is a convicted rapist, this government let him in Even if Grannie was gunned down this morning, she’s chirpy enough nowEven if If Oswald didn’t shoot Kennedy, somebody else didIf

114. Logic

117. October 1928 The 20 th Century Limited

118. Waistcoat by Sally Bayley

119. THE END