1. 1 Hawaii Strategic Highway Safety Plan: MOTORCYCLE & MOPED Dan Galanis Injury Prevention and Control Program Hawaii Department of Health 1250 Punchbowl St., Room 214 Honolulu, HI 96813 Ph: 586-5943 E-mail: daniel.galanis@doh.hawaii.gov

2. 2 Overview of presentation Fatal traffic crashes –State/national comparisons (CDC data) –Overall data (FARS) Trends, county comparisons Contributing factors: alcohol/drug use, helmets, etc. Time, day of week Non-fatal traffic crashes –Trends, county comparisons MVAR/DOT crash data –Descriptions of injuries Hospital and emergency department (ED) records Trauma Registry data (Queen’s Hospital)

3. 3 Five-year fatality rates (/100,000) for motorcyclists, Hawaii vs. rest of the U.S., 2000-2004. HI Rate for Hawaii: 8.1 (5 th ) Rate for rest of U.S.: 5.7 Rate

4. 4 Motorcyclists and moped riders killed in traffic crashes in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005 (2006 data (incl. non-residents): 29 deaths; 22 motorcyclists, 7 moped riders)

5. 5 Rates of fatal and non-fatal injuries to motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005

6. 6 Alcohol –Involved in 41% of the 106 fatal crashes (excludes 7 crashes w/ no info) 35% of fatally injured drivers; 26% >0.08 BAC (excludes 4 drivers) –Alcohol use high for: Drivers killed during nighttime: 50% positive, with 40% >0.08 BAC Drivers killed on weekends: 50% positive, with 37% >0.08 BAC Drivers killed in Hawaii (57%) and Maui (44%) counties (Honolulu: 25%) Motorcycle drivers (40%) compared to moped drivers (11%) Older drivers: 48% for those 35-64 years vs. 17% for those under 30 years –Increasing trend: 18% in 2001  43% in 2005 Drugs –About 1 in 4 drivers (26%) positive for drugs (excludes 7 drivers) Methamphetamine (11 drivers) THC (10 drivers) Amphetamine (7 drivers) RISK FACTORS from FARS, 2001-2005 for fatally injured motorcyclists

7. 7 Fatally injured motorcycle drivers in Hawaii, 2001-2005: Alcohol status of driver by time of day and day of week

8. 8 Helmet use –Only 1 in every 3 victims (31%) wore helmet None of the 19 moped riders wore helmets –38% for remaining motorcycle riders No trends over time or Oahu vs. Neighbor Island differences Licensing –Only half (52%) had valid license Motorcycle drivers (86): –45% had “no valid license for this class vehicle” –3% (3 drivers) had no license, including two 15 year-olds Moped drivers (19): –26% (5 drivers) had no license Other factors –Speeding: 37% of drivers (47% on Oahu) Increasing trend: 18% in 2001  50% in 2005 –Half (49%) of the crashes did not involve another vehicle RISK FACTORS from FARS, 2001-2005 for fatally injured motorcyclists

9. 9 The “injury pyramid” for injuries to motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii Deaths* 1 (21/yr.) Hospitalizations* 13 : 1 death (~280/yr.) Emergency department visits* 37 : 1 death (~775/yr.) Traffic crashes (police attended) 34 : 1 death (~720/yr.) *Includes only residents of Hawaii

10. 10 Average of 718 per year –61% motorcyclists, 39% moped riders Peak age: 20-24 years –More than half (61%) are 15 to 34 years Helmet use: 30% –44% among motorcyclists, 8% moped riders –Helmeted riders significantly younger than those without helmets Alcohol/drug use: <4% –Reliability of data? Speeding: 10% –17% for motorcyclists, 5% moped riders Inattention/misjudgment: 38% Non-fatal traffic crashes involving motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii, 2001-2005 (MVAR/DOT data)

11. 11 Average annual number of motorcycle and moped drivers involved in non-fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005

12. 12 Annual number of motorcycle and moped drivers involved in non-fatal traffic crashes in Hawaii, by county, 2001-2005 *denotes statistically significant trend over 5-year period (/10,000 registered motorcycles and motor scooters)

13. 13 Time of day for fatal and non-fatal crashes involving motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii, 2001-2005

14. 14 ~940 documented per year (~1,055 actual?) –~710 ED visits (~775 actual?) –~230 hospitalizations (~280 actual?) Age distribution generally younger –More than half (57%) are 15 to 34 years Mostly (84%) males Medical charges –~$2100/ED visit  $1.6 million/year – ~$40,100/hospitalization  $11.2 million/year Hospitalizations and ED visits for non-fatal injuries among motorcyclists and moped riders in Hawaii

15. 15 Distribution of injuries for motorcyclists and moped riders treated in Hawaii hospitals, 2003-2005

16. 16 Alcohol use: 17% for all admitted –31% among those tested Helmet use: 33% (1 in 3) Helmeted riders were less likely to: –Be positive for alcohol (6%, vs. 22% for unhelmeted) –Have a TBI (37% vs. 64% for unhelmeted) –Have a fatal injury (2.8% vs. 5.5% for unhelmeted) Motorcyclists and moped admitted into the Queen’s Trauma Registry, 2001-2005

17. 17 How much? *22 deaths/year (18 motorcyclists, 4 moped riders) * >700 non-fatal crashes/year (440 motorcyclists/280 moped) Who? *Young males: peak age is 20-24 years; half are 15-34y *Mostly males (97% of fatals, 85% of non-fatals) Where? *Hawaii and Maui counties highest rates for motorcycle (fatal and non-fatal) *Honolulu and Maui counties for moped (non-fatal) Why? *Alcohol—esp. motorcycle drivers, nighttime crashes *No helmets *No training (?)—many with no valid license Data summary for motorcycle and moped riders