2. THE TEXAS INDIANS
The Gulf Coast

3. COAHUILTECANS

4. LOCATION
Southern Gulf Coast up to San Antonio

5. LIFESTYLE Nomadic Hunters & gatherers Followed the limited food supply
Harsh/difficult life

6. SHELTER
Temporary houses made of mud, animal skins, and brush

7. MAIN FOODS Gathered food from land
Cacti, nuts, spiders, snakes, lizards, and grub worms

8. APPEARANCE
Strong: known for endurance

9. All night celebrations
UNUSUAL CUSTOMS
Mitotes
All night celebrations

11. KARANKAWAS

12. LOCATION
Galveston to Corpus Christi

13. LIFESTYLE Bow and Arrow Dugout canoes Nomadic Hunting and fishing
Traveled in bands of 30-40

14. SHELTER
Wooden Hut and Tepees

15. MAIN FOODS
Oyster, Clams, Scallops, Mollusks, and Turtle

16. APPEARANCE Beautiful women Pierced chest and lips Tall/muscular men
Brightly painted bodies
No clothes (men)

17. ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN Women took down and set up homes
Women made clothing from deerskin and moss

18. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Wore deerskin skirts(women)
Gave children special treatment

19. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS
Given two names
Rubbed on alligator fat to keep off mosquitoes
Loved dogs

21. THE TEXAS INDIANS
East Texas

22. CADDOES

23. LOCATION
Northeast Texas along the Angelina and Neches Rivers

24. LIFESTYLE
Richest and most advanced
Friendly
Willing and smart traders

25. Lifestyle
*Matrilineal
*Farmers!!!
*chief called “caddi”

26. SHELTER
Sturdy homes (domes) made of grass
(50 ft. high)

27. MAIN FOODS
Corn
Beans
Squash
Sunflower seeds
Tobacco

28. Women had a voice in government Women treated with dignity and respect
ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN
Men helped women grow crops
Women had a voice in government
Women treated with dignity and respect
Oldest woman controlled family

29. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Crop rotation Trotline Beautiful pottery
Traded forest products for flint and turquoise
Built huge temple and burial mounds
Name: “Texas”
“Tayshas” – Caddo word for friend; since Caddoes were friendly, Spanish adapted word to describe area – Tejas – Texas

31. ATAKAPANS

32. LOCATION Southeast Texas
Galveston Island to the Sabine River (marshy wetlands)

33. LIFESTYLE
Matrilineal
Farmers

34. MAIN FOODS Corn Farming (farther inland) Not as advanced as the Caddo
Wild game, nuts, berries, fish, shellfish and alligators

35. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS
Used alligator fat to keep off mosquitoes *Difficult to farm because of marshy swampland *Flooding with salt water

37. ALABAMA AND COUSHATTA

38. LOCATION East Texas along the Trinity River Migrated from Alabama
in 1700s

39. LIFESTYLE Some hunting Made baskets and crafts Farming
Vegetables, fruit trees
Gathered berries, nuts
Some hunting
Made baskets and crafts

40. SHELTER
Wooden cabins surrounded by vegetable gardens

42. CHEROKEES Latecomers (1819-1820)

43. LOCATION East Texas along the Sabine, Neches, and Angelina Rivers
Migrated from
the east in

44. LIFESTYLE Cherokees intermarried and adopted a modern lifestyle
Owned plantations and slaves

45. SHELTER
Log cabins in villages

46. MAIN FOODS
Farming
Corn, beans, pumpkins, squash

48. THE TEXAS INDIANS
The Plains Region

49. All Plains tribes … Based lives and cultures on buffalo
>Food, shelter, clothing, weapons, tools
Nomadic – followed buffalo

50. ate elk, deer, antelope,. & rabbits
*ate elk, deer, antelope, & rabbits *pemmican: dried buffalo meat mixed w/nuts & berries *warriors had high status because of bravery

51. MESCALERO APACHES

52. LOCATION
West Texas
Some
mountains

53. LIFESTYLE Nomadic Lived much like the Pueblo Indians
Raided other groups to the west
Wore high leather boots for protection

54. MAIN FOODS
Depended less on Buffalo

56. LIPAN APACHES

57. LOCATION
Southwest Plains

58. LIFESTYLE Nomadic Warfare Bow and Arrow
Wore high leather boots for protection

59. MAIN FOODS Buffalo Gardening (rancherias)
Corn, beans, squash, maize, pumpkin

60. APPEARANCE Decorated with feathers Pierced left ear (6-8 times) Hair
Left short
Right Long

61. ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN
Women got recognition for gardens

62. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Rode horses Raided by Comanche Feared death
Buried their dead quickly
Buried with possessions

64. COMANCHE

65. LOCATION
Plains of Texas
Panhandle into central Texas

66. LIFESTYLE
Nomadic
Warriors
Control land
Most feared
Many enemies

67. SHELTER
Tepees

68. MAIN FOODS
Buffalo
Skilled traders

69. APPEARANCE Fancy tattoos Bright colors Braided hair
Men wore buffalo headdresses

70. War chief – best rider Peace chief older male recognized in battle
ROLES: MEN AND WOMEN
War chief – best rider
Peace chief
older male
recognized in battle

71. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS
Expert horse riders
Scalp enemy –
Keep enemy’s soul from the after life
Traveled in bands

73. KIOWAS

74. LOCATION
Far east side of the Panhandle

75. LIFESTYLE
Nomadic
Allies to Comanche

76. SHELTER
Tepees decorated with pictures of important events

77. MAIN FOODS
Hunted
Buffalo, elk, antelope, deer, bear
Pemmican

78. APPEARANCE
Decorated with feathers

79. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS
SUNDANCE
mid June
Prevent sickness and disaster

81. KICKAPOOS Latecomers (1830s)

82. LOCATION Southern Plains along the Rio Grande
Migrated from Great Lakes area in 1830s

83. LIFESTYLE Made baskets, buckskin clothing, and fine beadwork
Lived in villages
Raised crops
Spent periods hunting on the plains
Made baskets, buckskin clothing, and fine beadwork

84. SHELTER
Round structures covered by woven mats
Made by women

86. The North Central Region
THE TEXAS INDIANS
The North Central Region

87. TONKAWAS

88. LOCATION
North central plains
Near present-day Austin

89. LIFESTYLE
Enemy of the Comanche
Lived in grass houses in villages

90. MAIN FOODS Buffalo and deer Birds, rabbits, turtles,snakes, nuts,fruit
Gardening
Fished rivers and springs

91. APPEARANCE
Some men tattooed entire body

93. WICHITAS

94. LOCATION
Along Red River
Near present-day Waco and Dallas

95. LIFESTYLE Lived along creeks and rivers Matrilineal
Enemy of the Comanche

96. SHELTER
Grass Domes

97. MAIN FOODS Corn, squash, beans, pumpkin, melons Hunted buffalo
Did not eat fish

98. APPEARANCE
Tattooed bodies

99. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS Raccoon eye tattoos on face
Made jars, pots, leather bags

101. THE TEXAS INDIANS
Far West Texas
(Pueblo Region)

102. JUMANO

103. LOCATION
West Texas Along Rio Grande

104. LIFESTYLE
Farming villages
Matrilineal

105. SHELTER
Adobe homes – insulation
Brightly painted on inside

106. MAIN FOODS Farmed near rivers and streams Corn, squash, beans
Small game

107. UNUSUAL CUSTOMS
Irrigation ditches
Allies of the Apache

109. TIGUAS

110. LOCATION
Along Rio Grande in West Texas
Near present-day El Paso

111. LIFESTYLE
Lived in villages
Cooked food in round adobe ovens

112. LIFESTYLE
Made beautiful pottery
Grew cotton and wove cloth

113. MAIN FOODS Some hunting and fishing Farming
Corn, tomatoes, squash, beans, and grapes