1. THE HOLOCAUST

2. WHAT WAS THE HOLOCAUST? The Nazi slaughter of 6 million Jews Nazis killed another 3 to 5 million others which included homosexuals, disabled, Soviet POW’s, Polish civilians, Communists and political prisoners Took place all over Europe Final Solution (1942 Wannsee Conference)

3. DIFFERENTIATING PRISONERS Red triangle—political prisoners: liberals, communists, trade unionists, social democrats, socialists, Freemasons, and anarchists. Green triangle— "professional criminals" (convicts, often working in the camps as Kapos). Blue triangle—foreign forced laborers, emigrants. Purple triangle—Bible Students, a term taken from a name of, and primarily referring to, Jehovah's Witnesses, though a very small number of pacifists and members of other religious organizations were also imprisoned under this classification Pink triangle—sexual offenders, mostly homosexual men but rarely rapists, zoophiles and pedophiles ] ] Black triangle—people who were deemed "asocial elements" and "work shy" including Roma (Gypsies), who were later assigned a brown triangle The mentally ill Alcoholics Vagrants and beggars Pacifists Conscription resisters Prostitutes Some anarchists Drug addicts Brown triangle—Roma (Gypsies) (previously wore the black triangle). Uninverted red triangle—an enemy POW, spy or a deserter.

4. DIFFERENTIATING PRISONERS Double-triangle badges resembled two superimposed triangles forming a Star of David, a Jewish symbol. Two superimposed yellow triangles, the "Yellow badge"—a Jew Red inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—a Jewish political prisoner Green inverted triangle upon a yellow one—a Jewish "habitual criminal" Purple inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—a Jehovah's Witness of Jewish descent Pink inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—a Jewish "sexual offender" Black inverted triangle superimposed upon a yellow one—"asocial" and "work shy" Jews Voided black inverted triangle superimposed over a yellow triangle—a Jew convicted of miscegenation and labeled as a "race defiler" Yellow inverted triangle superimposed over a black triangle—an Aryan (woman) convicted of miscegenation and labeled as a "race defiler" Like those who wore pink and green triangles, people in the bottom two categories would have been convicted in criminal courts.

6. NAZI EXPERIMENTS Hypothermia-inmates were placed in freezing water or in brutal cold for hours Made inmates sterile by exposing them to radiation Some were injected with malaria

7. NAZI EXPERIMENTS This women was deliberately cut on her leg and the wound was infected with: Bacteria dirt glass (simulates war injury) Sulfonamide

8. NAZI EXPERIMENTS Placed in a low pressure chamber to simulate 68,000 feet in Altitude As pressure gets lower, oxygen gets thinner

10. NAZI EXPERIMENTS

11. CONCENTRATION CAMPS & DEATH CAMPS What is the difference? Concentration camp is where anyone is detained under harsh conditions Prisoners are put into forced labor and generally die of disease or malnutrition Death camps are where Jews and other “undesirables” are sent to be exterminated Those sent directly to death camps were the elderly and very young WHY?

12. SELECTION To the right went workers To the left was the gas chamber

13. AUSCHWITZ By far the largest death camp Located in Poland (3 camps) Believed that 1.6 million Jews murdered here Most were killed with a gas called Zyklon-B 20,000 bodies could be gassed and cremated a day

14. EMPTY ZYKLON-B CANISTERS

15. GAS CHAMBER

21. DID THE JEWS FIGHT BACK? Yes, there were some resistance movements The biggest being in the Warsaw Ghetto in April 1943 About 750 Jews rebelled for a month Almost all of those that took part were capture/killed

23. RESULTS Holocaust ends as camps are liberated by Allies Half of Europe’s Jewish population is killed Israel, a homeland for many Jews, will be created 1948 Some Nazi doctors are put on trial

24. LIBERATION 761 st Tank Battalion African-American unit that liberated a sub-camp of Mauthausen