1. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 1 Home automation & Robotics Summarizing

2. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 2 Source: http://www.who.org/aboutwho/en/definition.html

3. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 3 7y910 - Content 7y910 - Content -Home environment as a support for prolonged vitality and independence - More Information and Communication Technology (ICT) - The ageing and diversifying society towards demand- driven services - Politics supports the transition, technology and organisations lag behind - Concepts: user-orientation & demand-driven services - Technological infrastructures & applications - Organizational and personal changes - Assisted living (Home care) is a focal point

4. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 4 Current situation … Ruling power: private or public organizations….. Organisation TechnologyIndividual

5. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 5 Canting …… ……… government already in transition ……. Organisation Organisation Technology Technology Individual Individual

6. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 6 …. is about engineering Home automation and robotics

7. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 7 …. is about engineering, but it poses 3 peculiar problems to the engineer Home automation and robotics

8. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 8 …. is about engineering, but it poses 3 peculiar problems to the engineer: (i) motivation, (ii) designer / user, (iii) the 4 ages Home automation and robotics

9. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 9 …. is about engineering, but it poses 3 peculiar problems to the engineer: (i) motivation, (ii) designer / user, (iii) the 4 ages that requires an interdisciplinary approach Home automation and robotics

10. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 10 Defining Interdisciplinarity Each discipline takes responsibility for the whole Teams of professionals from both technology and gerontology (Multidisciplinarity: more than one discipline involved)

11. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 11 Interdisciplinary Cross- fertilization Technology  ‘Functionality’ Gerontology  ‘Usability’ Source: H. Bouma et al. 2007. Gerontechnology in perspective. Gerontechnology 6(4):190-216

12. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 12 Interdisciplinary Time Effects Elderly Health & Happiness requires Lifelong Health & Happiness (1. Youth, 2. Working age, 3. Active retirement, 4. Frail elderly)

13. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 13 The 4 Ages 1 st Age YouthEducation 2 nd AgeAdulthoodWork for income (young male engineer: layered software generation) 3 rd AgeOlder AdulthoodActive in retirement 4 th AgeElderlyFrailty (elderly women of the hierarchical / electro-mechanical generation)

14. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 14 Gerontechnology -To prevent disease & accidents -To maintain physical, mental and social health -To assist aspirations -To compensate for weakened functions -To support care and care organisation in order to add happiness, self-efficacy and independence to even the highest ages

15. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 15 A gerontechnology project A gerontechnology research, engineering or design project concerns –by definition- (i) An age group of technology users, and a (ii) life domain, and (iii) works towards its goal through a technological intervention that is supported by (iv) the knowledge base of a gerontology discipline

16. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 16 Focusing a gerontechnology project A gerontechnology research, engineering or design project concerns –by definition- a certain age and life domain, and works towards its goal through a technological intervention that is supported by the knowledge base of a gerontology discipline. InformationSummary Which age do you focus at?Your project concerns 1 st Youth 2 nd Working phase 3 rd Active retirement 4 th Frailty the …. age, and Which life domain are you addressing? *the life domain of Health Self-esteem Housing Daily living Mobility Transport Communication Governance Work Leisure ; Which is the goal of your technological intervention? *It aims at Enhancement Satisfaction Prevention Engagement Compensation Assistance Care support Care organisation From which technology discipline originates the functionality in your study? *through Chemistry Biochemistry Architecture Building Information Communication Mechatronics Robotics Ergonomics Design Business management, From which gerontology discipline originates the usability of the technology? *supported by Physiology Nutrition Psychology Social psychology Sociology Demography Medicine Rehabilitation. * Choose only one cell as the main answer to each question Your project form * Choose only one cell as the main answer to each question

17. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 17 After focussing Further decrease complexity of planning and evaluation by the use of theories / paradigms that are accepted in the different disciplines

18. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 18 Some technology examples Inclusive design with users as co-designers Targeted marketing differs with age and gender

19. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 19 Some gerontology examples Human motivation (Psychology) Technology Acceptance Model (Social psychology) Technology generation (Sociology) The 4 Ages (Social psychology)

20. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 20 Human motivation Abraham H. Maslow (1908-1970) Guideline for Technology 4 Deficiency needs: (i) Physiological, (ii) Safety related, (iii) Social, (iv) Esteem related 1 Being need: (v) Self-fulfilment Source: A.H. Maslow 1943. A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review 50:370-396

21. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 21 Technology Acceptance Model See: H. Bouma et al. 2007. Gerontechnology in perspective. Gerontechnology 6(4):190-216 Social norms & habits Cognitive appraisal of effectiveness Perceived usefulness Perceived ease of use Behavioural intention to use Actual Use

22. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 22 Technology generation in the Industrial age (20 th & 21 st century) Born 1910- Mechanical / hierarchical towards better nutrition Born 1910+ Electro-mechanical / hierarchical decreased mortality Born 1960+ Software / Layered decrease of morbidity needed Born 2000+ Computer game / Relational increase of wellness needed

23. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 23 Some theories for cross-fertilization Gerontologydiscipline Technology discipline Chemistry Biochemistry Architecture Building Information Communication Mechatronics Robotics Ergonomics Design Business management Physiology Nutrition Psychology Social Psychology Maslow’s motivation Sociology Demography The 4 Ages Medicine Rehabilitation

24. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 24 Some theories for cross-fertilization Gerontologydiscipline Technology discipline Chemistry Biochemistry Architecture Building Information Communication Mechatronics Robotics Ergonomics Design Business management Physiology Nutrition Psychology Social Psychology Maslow’s motivation Technology Acceptance Model Sociology Demography The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (user interfaces) The 4 Ages Medicine Rehabilitation

25. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 25 Some theories for cross-fertilization Gerontologydiscipline Technology discipline Chemistry Biochemistry Architecture Building Information Communication Mechatronics Robotics Ergonomics Design Business management Physiology Nutrition Preventive nutrition Psychology Social Psychology Maslow’s motivation Technology Acceptance Model Sociology Demography The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (user interfaces) The 4 Ages Medicine Rehabilitation Preventive drugs

26. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 26 Some theories for cross-fertilization Gerontologydiscipline Technology discipline Chemistry Biochemistry Architecture Building Information Communication Mechatronics Robotics Ergonomics Design Business management Physiology Nutrition Preventive nutrition Aging-in- Place Psychology Social Psychology Maslow’s motivation Aging-in- Place Maslow’s motivation Technology Acceptance Model Sociology Demography The 4 Ages Aging-in- Place The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (user interfaces) The 4 Ages Medicine Rehabilitation Preventive drugs

27. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 27 Some theories for cross-fertilization Gerontologydiscipline Technology discipline Chemistry Biochemistry Architecture Building Information Communication Mechatronics Robotics Ergonomics Design Business management Physiology Nutrition Preventive nutrition Aging-in- Place Psychology Social Psychology Maslow’s motivation Aging-in- Place Maslow’s motivation Simulation (technology use) Maslow’s motivation Technology Acceptance Model Sociology Demography The 4 Ages Aging-in- Place The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (user interfaces) The 4 Ages Medicine Rehabilitation Preventive drugs Simulation(restrictions)

28. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 28 Some theories for cross-fertilization Gerontologydiscipline Technology discipline Chemistry Biochemistry Architecture Building Information Communication Mechatronics Robotics Ergonomics Design Business management Physiology Nutrition Preventive nutrition Aging-in- Place Biorobotics Psychology Social Psychology Maslow’s motivation Aging-in- Place Maslow’s motivation Simulation (technology use) Maslow’s motivation Technology Acceptance Model Sociology Demography The 4 Ages Aging-in- Place The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (user interfaces) The 4 Ages Medicine Rehabilitation Preventive drugs Simulation(restrictions)Biorobotics

29. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 29 Some theories for cross-fertilization Gerontologydiscipline Technology discipline Chemistry Biochemistry Architecture Building Information Communication Mechatronics Robotics Ergonomics Design Business management Physiology Nutrition Preventive nutrition Aging-in- Place Biorobotics Inclusive design Psychology Social Psychology Maslow’s motivation Aging-in- Place Maslow’s motivation Simulation (technology use) Maslow’s motivation Inclusive design Technology Acceptance Model Sociology Demography The 4 Ages Aging-in- Place The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (user interfaces) Inclusive design The 4 Ages Medicine Rehabilitation Preventive drugs Simulation(restrictions)Biorobotics

30. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 30 Some theories for cross-fertilization Gerontologydiscipline Technology discipline Chemistry Biochemistry Architecture Building Information Communication Mechatronics Robotics Ergonomics Design Business management Physiology Nutrition Preventive nutrition Aging-in- Place Biorobotics Inclusive design Management innovation (care) Psychology Social Psychology Maslow’s motivation Aging-in- Place Maslow’s motivation Simulation (technology use) Maslow’s motivation Inclusive design Technology Acceptance Model Targeted marketing Sociology Demography The 4 Ages Aging-in- Place The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (protocols) The 4 Ages Technology generation (user interfaces) Inclusive design The 4 Ages Targeted marketing Medicine Rehabilitation Preventive drugs Simulation(restrictions)Biorobotics Management innovation (care)

31. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 31 Basic to Gerontechnology engineering is … (i) Fulfill all needs starting with the basic ones (ii) Accept users as co-designers to reach ‘Inclusive Design’ (iii) Include all 4 ages in gerontechnology programs Home automation and robotics is part of the gerontechnology endeavour

32. May 12, 20087y910 - JEMH van Bronswijk, TU Eindhoven 32 Thank you for your attention