1. { Augustus The Birth of an Empire

2.  Octavian learns from the past  In 27 BC, he restores the Republic (in name)  Octavian took control of Gaul, Spain, Syria, and Egypt (all needing soldiers)  Senate held the East, Africa, Sicily, Corsica  Octavian called Augustus, month named after him, given maius imperium, and tribunate  Octavian (wisely) calls himself ‘princeps’ Festina Lente ¼ of Rome’s grain supply came from here

3.  Augustus had almost sole control over armies  Officials elected from a list he nominated  Denied Marcus Crassus the spolia opima  Senate and Knights used as civil service  Common people got food and games  Improves communication with provinces  Ended corruption of provincial governors  THE PAX ROMANA Primus inter pares…sure PANEM ET CIRCEM Cursus Publicus

4.  Augustus begins expanding the Empire  Makes peace with Armenia and Parthia  Extends the borders north of Greece  Establishes new town in Gaul  Attacks the Ethiopians  Suffers huge loss of 3 legions against Germans at Teutoburg Forest (Varus)  Augustus decides to stop expanding VICTORY…mostly Gets Standards back!!

5.  Augustus improves and beautifies Rome  Builds the Ara Pacis  Creates fire brigade and police (vigiles)  Retirement fund for soldiers  Divides Rome into 14 regions/265 villages  Italy is divided into 11 regions  Establishes the Praetorian Guard  Patron of Literature: the Golden Age-Maecenas And left it a city of Marble Vergil Ovid Horace Livy

6.  Augustus revived worship of gods (esp Apollo)  Built new temples  Wore basic wool clothing (nice to slaves)  Exile for adulterers, including his own daughter, Julia, and the poet Ovid  Reluctantly prepares Tiberius for rule  Recorded accomplishments in Res Gestae  Died 14 A.D.  Eagle released at funeral, deified A Return to Morals