1. Joints of thoracic limb 陳建榮 http://web.nchu.edu.tw/~chenjr/index.htm

2. Shoulder joint 1. Joint capsule 2. Glenohumeral ligaments 盂肱韌帶 Medial glenohumeral ligament 內盂肱韌帶 Lateral glenohumeral ligament 外盂肱韌帶 3. Biceps tendon Transverse humeral retinaculum ( 横肱支持帶 ) 横肱支持帶

3. Shoulder joint

5. Elbow joint 肘關節 Compound joint ： – Humeroradial joint 肱橈關節 – Humeroulnar joint 肱尺關節 – Proximal radioulnar joint 近端橈尺關節 Joint capsule Ligaments – Lateral collateral ligament 外側副韌帶 – Medial collateral ligament 內側副韌帶 – Oblique ligament 斜韌帶 – Olecranon ligament 鷹嘴韌帶 – Annular ligament of the radius 橈骨環韌帶

6. Elbow joint

7. Synovial space of Elbow joint

8. Medial collateral ligament 內側副韌帶

9. Lateral collateral ligament 外側副韌帶 Annular ligament 環韌帶

10. Olecranon ligament 鷹嘴韌帶

11. Oblique ligament 斜韌帶

12. Radioulnar joint 橈尺關節 Proximal radioulnar joint 近端橈尺關節 – Elbow joint Middle radioulnar joint 中間橈尺關節 – interosseous ligament 骨間韌帶 and interosseous membrane 骨間膜 Distal radioulnar joint 遠端橈尺關節 – Carpal joint

13. Radioulnar joint 橈尺關節

14. Joints of carpal region Carpal joint 腕關節 Antebrachiocarpal joint 前臂腕關節 Distal radioulnar joint Radiocarpal joint Ulnocarpal joint Intercarpal joints 腕骨間關節 Carpometacarpal joint 腕掌間關節

15. Carpal joint 腕關節 Palmar carpal fibrocartilage Articular disc Between ulna bone and ulna carpal bone

16. Carpal joint 腕關節 Ligaments – Collateral ligaments 側韌帶 Medial collateral lig. Lateral collateral lig. – Dorsal radiocarpal ligament 背側橈腕韌帶 – Palmar radiocarpal ligament 掌側橈腕韌帶 – Palmar ulnocarpal ligament 掌側尺腕韌帶 – Flexor retinaculum 屈肌支持帶 – Accessory metacarpal ligaments 副掌韌帶

17. Dorsal surface of Carpal joint Intercarpal lig.

18. Palmar surface of Carpal joint Accessory metacarpal ligaments

20. Carpal joint 腕關節 Radioulnar lig. Intercarpal lig. Accessory metacarpal ligaments

21. Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指間關節 ( 飛節 ) Metacarpophalangeal joints – Condyloid joint Ligaments – Collateral ligaments Medial collateral lig. Lateral collateral lig. – Palmar ligament – Cruciate ligament – Sesamoidean ligaments Medial sesamoidean lig. Lateral seasamoidean lig.

22. Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指間關節 ( 飛節 )

23. Interphalangeal joints 指間關節 Contain – Proximal interphalangeal joint Hinge joint – Distal interphalangeal joint Saddle joint Ligaments – Collateral ligaments Medial and lateral – Dorsal elastic ligaments

24. Dorsal surface

25. Interphalangeal joints

26. 步驟 於各關節找出下列韌帶並嘗試打開關節囊。 - Should joint Medial glenohumeral ligament Lateral glenohumeral ligament - Elbow joint Lateral collateral ligament Medial collateral ligament Oblique ligament Olecranon ligament Annular ligament of the radius - Carpal joint Collateral ligaments - Metarcarpophalangeal joint Collateral ligaments Palmar ligament - Proximal and distal interphalangeal joint Collateral ligaments Dorsal elastic ligaments