1. By: Zaigham M. Rizvi Global Islamic Microfinance Forum Dec 8-10, 2012- Dubai, UAE

2. Housing Issue: Snapshot of Muslim World and Asia

3. The Muslim world represents 1 of 4 humans on the planet Nearly the same ratio in number of countries Represents 1 of 2 poor on the planet A great challenge of widening demand/supply gap, adding to the already existing housing backlog Most of the housing backlog and short supply is in low- income segment of the population Population growth and urbanization are further compounding the existing urban housing backlog Rising costs (land, construction, construction materials etc.) are making housing unaffordable for the poor

4. IDB study suggests housing needs of the Muslim World at 8 mn units/year, nearly all in Low-Income Segment MENA 3.2 mn; Asia 2.7 mn; and Africa/others 2.3 mn. Urban population likely to rise from 1/4 th to 1/3 rd of total Rapid Urbanization a major issue in low income housing Need for new housing of 8 mn due to population growth is based on 5-5.5/Household and population growth at 2.5% Urbanization and population growth further increases the incremental housing needs in major metropolitans Supply is short and is 30-40% on new demand for housing

5. As most of housing shortage is in low income segment, poor need empowerment in housing finance Institutional Housing Finance is either non-existent or in infancy stages in most of the Muslim World (Afghanistan and some African Countries) Slightly advanced in some others (Malaysia, Turkey, Egypt, Morocco, Indonesia, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia) Regulatory Framework also needs major upgradation Additional challenges include: Role and responsibilities of Specialized Housing Finance Institutions (HFIs) and Commercial Banks (CBs) Long Term Liquidity Facility Institutions and Instruments Role of Capital markets

6. An issue of faith e.g. Afghanistan with nearly 100% Muslim Population Also an issue of Financial Inclusion. Even if conventional finance is available, Faith-Based clients do not avail it Standardization and Diversification of RE/Housing Products both on Asset Side and Liability Side Islamic REITS and MBS Products Role of Islamic Banks and Islamic Windows of Conventional Banks Need for Research and Development Center

7. Region, excluding China, represents more than 1/4 th of Worlds population and ½ of the poor on the planet Including China, Asia-Pacific represents ½ of the Worlds population Region is very low in terms of Mortgage Finance penetration Average Mortgage Debt to GDP Ratio 3.3 Region is faced with massive housing shortage India alone faces an Urban Housing shortage of 27 mn Nearly entire urban shortage is in Low-Income Category Persons per Room Density, a comparison: India/Pakistan is 3.5; EU is 1.1; and USA is 0.5

8. In 1950, about 232 mn people lived in urban areas representing 17% of Asia’s total population. Today it is more than 1/3 rd and by 2025 nearly ½ of Asian population will be urban By 2030, 1 of every 2 urban residents in the world will reside in Asia In India, as per census 2001, total housing stock was 249 mn units of which 29% (72 million) were in urban areas. India today faces an Urban housing shortage of 27 mn units (Pakistan faces total housing backlog of 8 mn units, whereas it has urban backlog of around 3 mn) Nearly entire urban housing shortage is in Economically Weaker Sections of society India, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, Turkey etc. offer unique success stories and business models in housing The countries facing such challenges could benefit from knowledge and experience sharing on regional basis

9. Slums known by various names across the region: Shanty Towns, Jhopar Patti, Jhuggi, Basti, Katchi Abadi, Squatter Settlements, legal/illegal habitat, etc Shelterless are hidden behind higher persons per room density, slums and indecent and sub-standard housing In extreme cases homeless poor live on footpaths, and even in abandoned sewerage pipes Nearly 50% of major metropolitan habitats in the regions are slums The rules, planners and decision makers have no vision of life inside these slums, except seeing them in movies A two pronged approach is required: Slums improvement programs; and Slums resettlement and rehabilitation programs

11. Solutions are being attempted Success is being demonstrated Answers have no match with quantum of Issue Issues we know, Answers we need Much more is needed to be done

12. Small and incremental Loans used to help build incrementally - “Progressive building strategy” Loans are often provided with: Lending and Construction Assistance

13. Karachi & Lahore, Impacting 40,000 people Sindh, Serving 2,500 people Nationwide Provision of Housing Finance Loans AJK, Goth Noor Muhammad, Sindh & Ehsanpur, Punjab Post disaster reconstruction and model villages Azad Jammu & Kashmir and Mianwali, Punjab Provision of Post Disaster House Rebuilding Loans Schemes for the poor Case of Pakistan Income range – PKR 7,000 to PKR 15,000 Saiban Khuda Ki Basti: Orangi Pilot Program: Kashf Foundation & Tameer Bank: PPAF: NRSP:

15. Low-Income Housing Bottom of Pyramid and Housing Microfinance

16. Middle income Less able to access finance due to informal income sources or inability to provide collateral (often due to inability to secure land title) Lower-middle and lower income Difficult to access finance due to low income levels, informal income sources, and inability to provide collateral Bottom of the pyramid No access to finance due to low income levels, informal income sources and inability to provide collateral High income Formal employment and title, can obtain mortgages Supply: Market rate housing, private sector Finance: Mortgage Supply: Limited market rate housing, non-profit and private sector involvement Finance: Micro-mortgages Supply: Social housing, self-built housing Finance: Housing microfinance, home improvement lending Slum redevelopment and upgrading

17. Cost of land Land availability Land use management, land allocation Land ownership Government provision of serviced land Cost of construction Construction technology Local construction materials Self-built/incremental housing Fiscal and regulatory incentives Expanding the supply of affordable housing is a critical factor in the development of a successful social housing programme. The greatest challenge in expanding the affordable housing supply is managing the cost of the housing that is developed.

18. Nearly 1/5 th of population in the Muslim World is a candidate for HMF (Bottom of Pyramid-BoP) At BoP income segment, people are more concerned on Faith-Based Finance Issues with HMF are: Product Design; Outreach; MF Housing Microfinance Regulations; Income Assessment; Appraisal, Surveillance; Delivery; and Recovery Challenges include Cost-efficient Finance, Loan Surveillance, and timely loan recovery Manufacturing scale production, Community-based finance etc Credit Guarantee, Management of Default and Loan Realization

19. Social Housing Finance Institutions (HMFIs) Social Housing Finance Institutions with a focus on slums improvement, Incremental Housing etc Sponsor a Shelter Programs: as delivery channels for Charity, Zakat. Specific Regulatory Regimes for HMF, both for financiers and developers Specific Fiscal Regimes on Smart Subsidies and Cross Subsidies Need to define HMF for regulatory and fiscal support

20. Pakistan Afghanistan A general overview

21. Population: 160-170 million 2/3 rd Rural, 1/3 rd Urban Major metropolitans: Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi/Islamabad, Peshawar, Hyderabad and Faisalabad facing high rate of urbanization Karachi: Population 16-17 mn and growing @ of 7 to 8% Nearly half of Karachi’s population lives in squatter settlements (600-800 squatter settlements) Karachi only needs 100,000 new housing units per year to meet natural growth, cover backlog and urbanization pressure

22. Commercial Banks HBFC (SMH) HBFC & Social Housing Bank Social Housing Market Housing High End Upper Middle Lower Middle Small Micro Upto Rs.7,000 Rs.100,000 Rs.30,001 to Rs.50,000 Rs.15,001 to Rs.30,000 Rs.7,001 to Rs.15,000 Rs 7.5 & above Rs 2.5 ~ 5.0 Rs 1.0~ 2.5 Rs 0.50~Rs.1.0 Rs 0.50 Rs 1 Lac & above. High - High Rs 5.5 to Rs 7.5 4 % 15 % 20 % 40 % 20 % 1 % 0.300 1.125 1.500 3.000 1.500 0.075 Housing Finance Player Market Segment Income Distribution in % Mortgage Affordability (Rupees in millions) Housing Market Housing Shortage * (millions) - Per Capita Income: Rs 9,000 per month - Minimum Wage RateRs.7,000 per month * Total existing backlog is estimated at 7.5 mn units. The shortage in various income segments is assumed in the same proportion as per income distribution pattern. However, actual shortage is much higher in low income segments as opposed to higher income segments.

23. Afghanistan has a population of nearly 27 mn people Most of its population are candidates for HMF Three to four decades of war has partially or totally destroyed institutional and physical infrastructure in many cities Land records have been either destroyed or manipulated In Kabul, Land Records are now being recreated and computerized under LIETRA Project The only specialized HFI which existed in the past has been closed down for various reasons In Kabul only, an estimated $ 2.5 Bn are needed to repair and rehabilitate damaged/destroyed housing (World Bank) Central Bank of Afghanistan (DAB) is actively working on different initiatives on housing, and seeks TA and Funding Support

24. ME and Gulf States: Recent uprising in some ME Countries has brought to surface the social issue of low-income affordable housing Nearly all countries in the region have now allocated huge funds and have initiated plans and projects to address it Most of these programs are based on State Subsidy, and thus would not be viable and sustainable in the long run. Indonesia, over the years has developed and implemented a very comprehensive program of State Subsidized Pro-Poor Housing. Africa has a unique challenge of Low-Income housing, with challenges of Affordability, HMF, major slums etc. In many African Countries, largely Muslim population is a candidate for Sharia-Compatible Housing Finance

25. Generally Political Sloganizm “Housing for all”, “Slums Free Cities”, “Maang Raha hai har Insaan-Roti, Kapra, aur Makan” (every individual is demanding for bread, clothe and house), and so on…… In some countries delivery on these slogans is SOME, and in most it is NONE Every country is facing a common issue of “shelter less poor” with an ever increasing backlog Recent uprising in the ME has shown that even effluent economies are no exception Regional successful models are to be shared and indigenized IDB may assist Al-Huda to set up a digital and physical platform on country specific Data, Information and Business Models on HMF Islamic Development Bank to play a pivotal Role in promoting sharia- compliant housing finance, more so in housing microfinance

26. Notice: This document has been prepared by Mr. Zaigham Mahmood Rizvi for the sole purpose of providing a presentation document to the Global Microfinance Workshop-Dubai to be held on December 4-5, 2012. The information contained in this document has been compiled by Mr. Rizvi from self study and from different sources. He is grateful to all those serving this noble cause in some form or the other. Mr. Zaigham Mahmood Rizvi zaigham2r@yahoo.com Expert Consultant Housing: The World Bank Adviser Housing: State Bank of Pakistan Secretary General: Asia-Pacific Union for Housing Finance-A PUHF (www.apuhf.info)