1. CYMATHERAPY ® Orthopedic Solutions ~ Sound Advice in Sports Medicine ~ The Knee

2. A Look Inside!

3. Dynamic Stabilizers of the Knee Suspension System of the Patella Dynamic Stabilizers of the Knee Suspension System of the Patella

4. The Patellofemoral Joint Image © 2001 Medical Internet Solutions, L.L.C.

5. Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL) Limits backward movement of the tibia Anterior Cruciate ligament (ACL) Limits rotation and forward movement of the tibia Femur Tibia Fibula Lateral View Flexion Medial View Extension Image: Copyright ©1999 by The Center for Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Anterior and Posterior Stabilizers

6. ACL PCL ACL and PCL Stabilizers-Transmitters-Mechanoreceptors The ACL and PCL center weight that is transmitted through the knee joint minimizing the amount of wear and tear on the cartilage inside the knee Mechanoreceptors inside the ACL and PCL transmit proprioceptive information to the brain giving us perception of sensory 3D time and space Proprioception provides neurological input that aids in the stabilization of a joint

7. Lateral Collateral Ligaments (LCL) Medial Collateral Ligaments (MCL) Image © 2001 Medical Internet Solutions, L.L.C. The Medial and Lateral Collateral Ligaments Provide stability to the inside of the knee Provide stability to the inside of the knee Provide stability to the outside of the knee Provide stability to the outside of the knee

8. Lateral Meniscus Lateral Meniscus Medial Meniscus Medial Meniscus Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Posterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Image © 2001 Medical Internet Solutions, L.L.C. The Menisci: Shock Absorbers Function: load bearing Distribute forces throughout underlying articular cartilage, minimizing point contact Bear 40 to 50% of the total load transmitted across joint in extension 85% of the compressive load is transmitted through the menisci at 90 deg of flexion

9. The Quadriceps The quadriceps contract extend or straighten the knee Image © 2001 Medical Internet Solutions, L.L.C.

10. The Hamstrings The hamstrings contract to flex or bend the knee

11. CYMATHERAPY ORTHOPEDIC SOLUTIONS Copyright  2007 Elizabeth Bauer for Cymatherapy International. All Rights Reserved. Copyright  2007 Elizabeth Bauer for Cymatherapy International. All Rights Reserved.