1. Anatomy

2. Stem Root Leaves Organs 1-Young dicot stem 2- Monoct stem
3- Old dicot stem
Root
1- young dicot root
2- monocot root
3- old dicot root
Leaves

3. Identifying Stems and Roots
Diagnostic:
1- V.B. are of radial type
2- xylem is always exarch ( protoxylem is located
near the periphery of the V.B.)
3- Absence of stomata and cuticle
Characteristic :
root
stem
pith small or absent
small relative to pith
pith and cortex

4. Root anatomy Ground tissue Cortex Dermal tissue ( piliferous layer )
One layer , no stomata , no cuticle , the outer wall may extend into root hair
Ground tissue
Cortex
Parenchymatous ( dicot.) , some of them sclerenchyamtous (monocot.)
Last layer of cortex termed as Endodermis which characterized by presence of casparian strips
{ casparian strips : deposits of suberin and lignin
on radial wall only  Dicot.
On radial +inner tangential  Monocot .

5. Give rise to lateral root only
Monocot root
Dicot. root
Charater
Give rise to lateral root only
Give rise to lateral roots and secondary meristems
pericycle
Numerous , 20
From 2-8
V.B.
absent
Appear later as a secondary meristems
Cambium
Well developed
Small or absent
Pith

6. Endodermis
Casparian strips

7. young dicot root pith cortex Starch Endodermis phloem Metaxylem
protoxylem
pith

9. monocot root pith epidermis cortex Starch Endodermis phloem Metaxylem
protoxylem
pith

12. Old dicot. Root
Look at key board

13. old dicot root Cork (phellem) Cork cambium (phellogen) Phelloderm
2ry phloem
Medullary rays
Vascular cambium
2ry xylem

16. Stem Root Leaves Organs 1-Young dicot stem 2- Monoct stem
3- Old dicot stem
Root
1- dorsiventral dicot leaves
2- isobilateral dicot leaves
3- monocot leaves
1- young dicot root
2- monocot root
3- old dicot root
Leaves

17. Leaf anatomy Vascular tissue Epidermis Ground tissue ( Mesophyll )
Upper and lower surface , stomata on both sides
Ground tissue ( Mesophyll )
Specialized photosynthetic tissue
In Dicot. Divided into
palisade
Below epidermis and perpendicular to it , contain chloroplasts.
 spongy tissue
Loosely arranged , much less chloroplast than palisade.
In Monocot.
Mesophyll cells all are alike not diffrantiated into palisade and spongy
Vascular tissue
Main V.B . In the center ( midrib ) , type of V.B . As the same of stem .

18. dorsiventral dicot leaves
Epidermis
Hybodermal layer
Palisade
Spongy tissue
Collenchyma
Pericyclic fibers
Phloem
Metaxylem
Protoxylem

20. Epidermis
Palisade
Spongy tissue

22. isobilateral dicot leaves
Epidermis
Palisade
Spongy tissue
Collenchyma
Pericyclic fibers
Phloem
xylem

24. monocot leaves Epidermis Hybodermal layer (sclerenchyma) Ground tissue
(parenchyma)
Bundle sheath
(fibers)
Phloem
Metaxylem
Protoxylem
Closed collateral
V. B.

28. Practical work : We will do transverse section in a leaf :
tools  razors
 Slides and covers
 Pith

29. Thank you Good luck drahmedashour@yahoo.com