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Morphology of flowering plants
PART 1 Safe hands
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Angiospermic diversity Habit
Morphology of flowering plants Angiospermic diversity Habit Herbs- Shrubs- Trees- Trailers- Creepers- Twinners- Lianas- Epiphytes- SAFE HANDS
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Morphology of flowering plants
Habitat Terrestrial- Mesophytes- adapted to neither very wet nor dry condition. Xerophytes- Dry habitat. Psammophytes- adapted to sandy soil. Lithophytes – Growing on rocks. Halophytes- Salty soil. Hydrophytes- Aquatic SAFE HANDS
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PARTS OF FLOWERING PLANT
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TYPES OF ROOTS TAP ROOT ADVENTITIOUS ROOT SAFE HANDS
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ZONES OF ROOT SAFE HANDS
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Fleshy roots Conical Fusiform Napiform MODIFICAITON OF TAP ROOTS
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Rhizophora Leguminous plants Nodulated roots Pneumatophores
MODIFICAITON OF TAP ROOTS Nodulated roots Pneumatophores Leguminous plants Rhizophora SAFE HANDS
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Moniliform Nodulose MODIFICAITON OF ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS
FLESHY ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS Moniliform Nodulose Momordica(Bitter gourd) , Indian spinach Curcuma amada (mangoginger) Curcuma domestica (termeric) SAFE HANDS
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Fasciculated Palmate root MODIFICAITON OF ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS
FLESHY ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS Fasciculated Palmate root Orchis Asparagus, Dehlia SAFE HANDS
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Prop roots Stilt roots MODIFICAITON OF ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS
For mechanical support Prop roots Stilt roots Ficus benghalensis (banyan) Cephalis SAFE HANDS
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Climbing roots Balancing roots MODIFICAITON OF ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS
For mechanical support Climbing roots Piper betel (Pan) Balancing roots Eichhornia, Pistia SAFE HANDS
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Parasitic roots Mycorrhial roots Epiphytic roots Floating roots
MODIFICAITON OF ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS For Vital function Parasitic roots Cuscuta - Haustoria Mycorrhial roots Pinus- Ecto & Endo Epiphytic roots Orchid-Vanda – Str. Floating roots Saalvinia - Balance SAFE HANDS
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MODIFICAITON OF ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS
Reproductive roots Functions of roots – Secondary functions- Storage.- carrot, radish, beet, turnip. Mechanical support- prop, buttress, stilt. Climbing- Betel. Nitrogen fixation.- Leguminous plant. Aeration – Pneumatophores. Relese oxygen- rice. Photosynthesis- Trapa, Tinosopora SAFE HANDS
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Vegitative Floral Mixed Stem Buds – (According to nature)
-Cabbage Floral Cauliflower Mixed Malus Buds – (According to positions) Terminal/ Apical Lateral SAFE HANDS
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Stem Extra axillary Adventitious Axillary Accessory Lateral buds
On node but outside leaf base Adventitious Not on node but other parts Foliar on leaf. Radical on root. Cauline on stem Axillary Accessory Lateral to axillary SAFE HANDS
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Buds Other types Epiphyllous – found on margin leaf
Bryophyllum, Kalanchoe Supplimentary – found at axil of leaves. Collateral – found side by side of axil. Superposed- axillary accessory but one above other Dormant – axillary but rudimentary. Deciduous – axillary but fall down. SAFE HANDS
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Branching of stem Unbranched. -Caudex- Coconut Branched
Racemose-Monopodial Lateral branches acropetal- Cycas female Cymose- sympodial Terminal bud stop growth Cycas –male Monochasial Dichasial Polychasial SAFE HANDS
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Strong Weak Reduced In radish Trailers Climbers Forms of stem
Excurrent, Deliquescent, Caudex, Culm Scape Weak Reduced In radish Trailers Procumbent- Lie flat- oxalis Decumbent – branches vertical Creepers- Cyanodon Diffuse- protrate- Euphorbia Climbers Twiners Lianes Hiptage climbers Dextrose-clockwise Sinistrose-anticlockwise Tendril pea Root Beetal Hook Artabotys Thorn Rose Adhesive Ivy Leaf Pitcher SAFE HANDS
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Underground Aerial Sub aerial Underground Stem tuber Rhizome Corm
Modification of stem Underground Aerial Sub aerial Underground Non green, for perennation , store food, vegetative propagation, Not root Stem tuber Potato Rhizome Root stock-oblique Eg. – Alocasia Straggling – Horizontal Termeric Corm Gladiolus Bulb Tunicated Scaly SAFE HANDS
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Aerial modification Aerial Stem tendril – On the basis of origin
Axillary- Passiflora. Extra axillary- Cucurbita Apical bud tendril- opposite to leaves – Vitis vinifera. Stem tip – Gouniana. Floral bud tendrils- Antigonon Phylloclades – Opuntia, Euphorbia - Photosynthetic Cladodes Asparagus Thorn Citrus plants Bulbil Diascorea Pseudobulb Bulbophyllum. Prickles Rose SAFE HANDS
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Sucker Offset Runner Cynodon Stolons- Sub aerial modification Mentha
Pistia, Echhornia Runner Above ground Cynodon Stolons- Undergrund Jasmin, Strawberry SAFE HANDS
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Herb Annual Biennial Perennials Ephemerals Shrub Tree Nature of stem
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Functions of stem Primary function- Secondary function-
Gives laves, flowers, & fruits. Conduction of water and minerals. Adds new cell for growth Secondary function- Storage of food. Photosynthetic like phylloclade Succulents for storage of water Climbing Prickles for protection. Vegetative propagation SAFE HANDS
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