2. How can we restore order to China? Thinkers came up with new ideas on how to restore order in China Confucius (Kongfuzi/“Master Kong”) = most influential teacher in Chinese history Confucius felt that China had too many rude and dishonest people –China needed to return to ethics, or moral values –Idea of Confucius = Confucianism

3. Confucianism Wanted to return to a time where people knew their roles in society Basic guidelines to restore family order and social harmony –Fathers should display moral values to inspire their families –Children should respect and obey their parents –All family members should be loyal to each other Guidelines for government –Moral leadership, not laws brought order to China –A king should lead by example, inspiring good behavior in all of his subjects –The lowers classes would learn by following the example of their superiors

4. Focus: What were the “Three Doctrines” of Ancient China?

5. The Three Teachings In T'ang times, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism became known as the Three Doctrines, or the "Three Teachings". T'ang times These three doctrines were an important part of daily life. –BuddhismBuddhism –ConfucianismConfucianism –Taoism Taoism In T'ang times, a man might honor his ancestors by following the rigid rules of social behavior as dictated by Confucianism, attend a Buddhist pageant, and practice Taoist breathing exercises, all in the same day.

6. Buddhism The "Awakened One" (Buddha), Prince Siddhartha Gautama believed in respect for other property and all life. The Buddhist goal: To reach Nirvana and lead a perfect life How? By believing in the Four Noble Truths: –Life is filled with suffering –Suffering is caused by people's wants. –Suffering can be ended if people stop wanting things, like more pleasure or more power. –To stop wanting things, people must follow 8 basic laws, called the Eightfold Path. And Following the Eightfold Path: –To know the truth –To intend to resist evil –To not say anything to hurt others –To respect life, property, and morality –To work at a job that does not injure others –To try to free one's mind from evil –To be in control of one's feelings and thoughts –To practice appropriate forms of concentration

7. Confucianism Confucianism is not a religion - it's a way of behaving, so you'll do the right things. Confucius wanted to return to a time where people knew their roles in society –F–Fathers should display moral values to inspire their families –C–Children should respect and obey their parents –A–All family members should be loyal to each other Guidelines for government –M–Moral leadership, not laws brought order to China –A–A king should lead by example, inspiring good behavior in all of his subjects –T–The lower classes would learn by following the example of their superiors

8. The Proverbs of Confucius  If you make a mistake and do not correct it, this is called a mistake  Do not do unto others, what you would not want others to do to you  Never kiss a fool or be fooled by a kiss  What the gentleman demands is something of himself. What the petty man demands is something of others  Anyone learning without thought is lost, anyone thinking but not learning is in peril.

9. Taoism Tao (pronounced Dow) means The Way (to happiness). Taoists are firm believers in joy and laughter Taoism is not a religion. Taoism is a philosophy, a way of looking at life and a way of thinking about things. Taoists believe if you look at life and think about things in the right way, you'll be much happier. Taoists believe it's very important to understand The Way Things Are. This does not mean that there are not things we need to change about ourselves, but it's important to recognize and trust our own Inner Nature, and discover who we are.

10. Yin and Yang

11. Traits of Yin and Yang Yin  Negative  Passive  Earthly  Feminine Yang  Positive  Active  Heavenly  Masculine

12. Characteristics of the DAO-Master Detached Selfless Cautious Alert Courteous Yielding Undefined Open Murky Quiet Calm & unperturbed Good to people who are good Good to people who are not good Trusts those who are trustworthy Trusts those who are not trustworthy Radiates peace & harmony

13. (DDJ 80)