1. Chapter 14 Bites and Stings
First Aid
Chapter 14
Bites and Stings

2. Animal Bites
1 In every 2 Americans will be bitten at some point buy an animal.
Dogs are responsible for about 80% of all animal bites

3. Rabies Virus found in warm blooded animals
Spreads though saliva (biting or licking)

4. Rabies
96% of all rabies infected animals are:

5. Rabies: Indications Attacks unprovoked
Acts strangely (was friendly, now aggressive, was wild, now acts docile)
High risk species

6. She has recovered "remarkably well" and should continue to improve.
Wisconsin
Jeanna Giese: medical marvel . She survived rabies without a vaccination.
She has recovered "remarkably well" and should continue to improve.
The other five people known after symptoms appeared were vaccinated in advance or received vaccine soon afterward. All but one ended up with permanent movement difficulties.
Giese was not hospitalized until a month after she was bitten by a bat she picked up in church.

7. Doctors intentionally put her in a coma and gave her antiviral drugs to prevent nerve cells death. She spent two months in ICU.
PT helped her with speech problems, weakness in her hand and foot, and abnormal movements in her arms and hands. She can drive a car, scored above-average on a national college entrance exams.
She still has slight difficulty enunciating words, awkwardness using her left hand and trouble lifting her left foot so that she looks a bit uncoordinated when she runs.

8. Animal Bites: What to Do
Report animal bites to police or animal control officer
Family pet: observe for 10 days

9. Animal Bites: What to Do
Family pet: confine and observe for 10 days
Stray dog or cat: will be killed and head submitted for testing
Dead animal: entire body sent for testing

10. Animal Bites: What to Do
High risk species bite:
Start treatment for rabies immediately

11. Animal Bites: What to Do
Clean wound with soap and water
Rinse with water under pressure
Control bleeding
SMA

12. Human Bites Lots of bacteria in human mouth
Chance of infection is great

13. Human Bites: What to Do Clean wound with soap & water
Rinse with water under pressure for 5 –10 minutes
Control bleeding
Cover with dressing
SMA

14. Snake Bites 4 snakes in US are venomous: Rattlesnake (65%) Copperhead
Water Moccasin
Coral Snake

15. Water Moccasin
(Cotton Mouth)
Pit Viper

16. Copper Head
Pit Viper

17. Rattle Snake
Pit Viper

18. Milk Snake
Coral Snake

19. Red on Black, venom lack
Red on Yellow, you’re a dead fellow

20. Snake Bites: Pit Vipers
Severe burning pain at bite site
2 small puncture wounds
Swelling (within 5 minutes)
Discoloration and blood- filled blisters
N/V, sweating, weakness

21. Snake Bites: Pit vipers
Get away from snake!
Keep victim quiet
Avoid walking, moving if possible
Gently wash with soap and water
SMA immediately

22. Snake Bites: Pit Vipers
Use constriction band to slow spread of venom.

23. Snake Bites: Pit Vipers
Keep track of venom spread

24. Snake Bites: Pit Vipers
DO NOT:
Apply ice (frostbite)
“Cut & Suck” (not effective)

25. Snake Bites: Coral Snake
Most venomous snake in US
Rarely bites
Tends to bite and hang on

26. Snake Bites: Coral Snake
Get away from snake!
Keep victim quiet
Avoid walking, moving if possible
Gently wash with soap and water
SMA immediately

27. Snake Bites: Coral Snake
Apply mild pressure to bite area and entire extremity if possible using an elastic bandage

28. Snake Bites: Nonpoisonous
Gently wash with soap and water
Care for bite as you would a minor wound
SM Advise

29. Insect Stings Anaphylactic shock:
Severe life threatening allergic reaction

30. Insect Stings Bees leave their stinger behind.
Remove by scraping with hard object such as credit card.

31. Insect Stings Wash sting with soap and water Apply ice pack
A paste of baking soda and water can ease pain
Analgesic for pain
Observe for severe allergic reaction (30 minutes)

32. Spider Bites
Most are venomous but have hard time biting humans. (short fangs, weak jaw)

33. Black Widow May not know bitten for 15 - 20 minutes. Dull numbing pain
Small fang marks (2 tiny red dots)

34. Black Widow Muscle stiffness and cramps (depends on location of bite)
HA, chills, fever, sweating, dizziness, vomiting

36. Brown Recluse
Local reaction w/in 2-8 hours: Severe pain, redness, swelling, itching at bite site.

37. Brown Recluse Blister w/in 48-72 hours.
Blister bursts, scab forms and falls off, leaving a small red crater.
Repeats over and over.

38. Brown Recluse
Fever, weakness, joint pain and rash, stomach cramps, N/V may occur

39. Tarantula Bites only if provoked. Can be mild to severe pain.
Will also flick hair into victims skin causing itching and hives.

40. Tarantula
Treat with cortisone cream and antihistamines

41. Spider Bites: What to Do
If possible confirm identity of spider
Clean bite with soap and water
Ice pack
Monitor ABCs
SMA immediately
Black Widow: Anti-venom (used only for under 6 over 60)
Brown Recluse: No anti-venom

42. Scorpion Stings
Southwestern US
Arizona

43. Scorpion Stings:What to Look For
Local, immediate pain and burning around sting site.
Numbness or tingling develop

44. Scorpion Stings: What to Do
Monitor ABCs
Gently clean site with soap & water
Ice pack
SMA immediately
Anti-venom available in Arizona

45. Mosquito Bites
Carry many diseases:
Malaria
Yellow fever
Encephalitis

46. Mosquito Bites: What to Do
Clean site with soap & water
Ice pack
Use Calamine lotion
Antihistamine prn

47. Ticks Remove as soon as possible
Use tweezers if possible, grasp as close to skin as you can
Wash with soap & water
Disinfect with rubbing alcohol

48. Ticks Ice pack Calamine lotion Watch bite site for one month.
If rash appears: SMA

49. Ticks: DO NOT Use weird methods to remove (hot match, gasoline)
Grasp tick at rear of body.

50. Yes Learning Activities 14 Bites and Stings
1. Report animal bites to police or Animal Control Office.
Yes

51. No Learning Activities 14 Bites and Stings
2. Apply cold or ice to snake bite. No

52. No Learning Activities 14 Bites and Stings
3. Use “cut and suck” for snake bite. No

53. Yes Learning Activities 14 Bites and Stings
4. If remote area, suction snake venom with an Extractor.
Yes

54. Yes Learning Activities 14 Bites and Stings
5. Cold or ice pack for insect sting or spider bite.
Yes

55. Yes Learning Activities 14 Bites and Stings
6. Baking soda paste for insect sting.
Yes

56. Yes Learning Activities 14 Bites and Stings
7. Epinephrine prn for life threatening allergic reaction.
Yes

57. Yes Learning Activities 14 Bites and Stings
8. Anti venom for Black widow. Not all victims need it .
Yes

58. Yes Learning Activities 14 Bites and Stings
9. Antihistamine or Cortisone for mosquito bites .
Yes

59. NO! Learning Activities 14 Bites and Stings
10. Hot match head or heated needle to remove tick .
NO!

60. NO! Learning Activities 14 Bites and Stings
11. Heavy oil or grease to remove tick .
NO!

61. Learning Activities 14
Scenerio: attacked by large dog.several bite marks on arms and legs. What to do?
Confine animal
Clean wound with soap and water
Rinse with water under pressure
Control bleeding
SMA

62. Learning Activities 14
Scenario: Snake bite. 2 puncture wounds on leg. What to do?
Get away from snake!
Keep victim quiet
Avoid walking, moving if possible
Gently wash with soap and water
SMA immediately

63. Learning Activities 14
Scenario: Face swelling, tightness across chest. SOB. Bee\sting. Medical alert tag for insect allergy. Has meds. Ice machine nearby. What to do?
Remove by scraping with hard object such as credit card.
Administer epinephrine
Wash with soap water, Ice Pack
SMA

64. Learning Activities 14
Scenario: Outside. Sharp pin prick on arm minutes later, dull, numbing pain in back. 2 tiny red spots on arm. 1 hour later abd cramps that are getting worse. What to do?
Clean bite with soap & water
Ice pack
Monitor ABCs
SMA immediately

65. Learning Activities 14
Scenario: Co-worker returns from camping. Asks you to look at back of head. Tick embedded in scalp. What to do?
Remove with tweezers grasping as close to skin as you can
Wash with soap & water
Disinfect with rubbing alcohol
Ice pack
Watch bite site for one month.
If rash appears: SMA

66. First Aid Kit Item Quantity Soap 1 bar
Hard object such as credit card
Pencil 1