1. Pacific Risk Exposure Databases and Models Phil Glassey, Paolo Bazzurro, Michael Bonte-Grapentin, Chris Chiesa, Olivier Mahul, Edy Brotoisworo, Phil Bright, David Heron, Litea Biukoto, Todd Bosse,Steven Clegg, Bishwa Pandey, Joy Papao, Scott Pontifex, Susan Vocea World Bank: Catastrophe Risk Financing Initiative – Phase II ADB: Regional Partnerships for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Preparedness

2. Pacific Disaster Risk Assessment Regional Disaster Impact Database National and Regional Risk Exposure Databases Earthquake and Cyclone Hazard Models Country-specific Catastrophe Risk Models Hazard Assets Exposure Affected Assets Loss $$

3. Pacific Disaster Risk Assessment Why? –Data allows risk modelling/profiling investigate risk financing options (such as Pacific Disaster Reserve Fund) Guide investment in DRR and CCA –Reduce risk by avoiding hazardous areas - planning avoiding vulnerable designs – building permitting and monitoring –Reduce losses by being prepared responding quickly and appropriately

4. Fifteen countries considered Exposure: residential, commercial, industrial, public assets, main infrastructure, major crops, population Perils: Earthquakes (shaking + tsunami) and Tropical Cyclones (wind, surge, and rain) Project Coverage  Cook Islands  Fiji  Papua New Guinea (PNG)  Samoa  Solomon Islands  Tonga  Tuvalu  Vanuatu  Niue  Nauru  Federated States of Micronesia  Marshall Islands  Palau  Kiribati  Timor Leste

5. Historical Earthquakes 1900-2009 Solomon Islands Vanuatu Samoa Timor Leste Federated States of Micronesia Republic of Marshall Islands Nauru Kiribati Tuvalu Niue Tonga Cook Islands Palau M8.1 4/1/2007 Solomon Islands 54 fatalities 7,000 homeless $3.0MM in aid M8.1 9/29/2009 Samoa and Tonga 192 fatalities 3,000 homeless $3.5MM in aid

6. Historical Tropical Cyclones 1948-2009 Equator Solomon Islands Vanuatu Samoa Timor Leste Federated States of Micronesia Republic of Marshall Islands Nauru Kiribati Tuvalu Niue Tonga Cook Islands Palau Papua New Guinea Fiji

7. Number Of Events Earthquake Tropical Cyclone Tsunami Severe Local Storm Flood Storm Surge LandslideTotal Cook Islands0292010032 Federated States of Micronesia 0120000113 Fiji116211150292 Kiribati00000101 Marshall Islands05000005 Nauru00000000 Niue06000006 Palau04000004 Papua New Guinea7153228011120 Samoa7111221024 Solomon Islands22230021149 Timor Leste00002002 Tonga7240100032 Tuvalu08000008 Vanuatu21350210160 Total1392247851316448 Source Events Referenced EM-DAT Catalog27% NGDC’s Significant Earthquake Database 18% Munich Re NatCatSERVICE Database 31% AusAID Database21% Pacific Disaster Net Database 34% Note: More than 20 sources looked at; some events have data from multiple sources Major Sources

8. Reported Data

9. Building footprint capture Building footprints captured from VHR satellite imagery Field checked when doing building field surveys

10. Summary Building Footprints ~ 340,000 buildings

11. Attributes based on local knowledge

12. Summary Asset Survey Largest and most comprehensive dataset for Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation ever collected within the Pacific Islands CountryBuildings in survey areas Features surveyed %No Buildings Pacific Cities Cook Islands8,2825,88671 Fiji56,73419,533349,181 FSM - Yap2,24464829 Kiribati92539999 Papua New Guinea68,64213,97620 Palau5,5751,31524 Samoa19,2697,197373,897 Solomon Islands27,11915,736581,800 Tonga19,96010,262512,754 Tuvalu623996160 Vanuatu23,18415,675684,803 TOTAL231,63392,2234022,435

13. In-country Surveys The survey involves: Data preparation and develop mapping projects in advance Initial consultation with stakeholders Training of counterpart staff Field campaigns to collect building and infrastructure data, as well as field check the digitising of building footprints Determining other available data, negotiating data access and obtaining data. Determining status of existing Mapserver infrastructure and systems. A debrief meeting with stakeholders to present the results of the surveys and discuss data use, maintenance and sharing.

14. Training and Reference Material

15. Field Data Collection Collect new information Utilise pre-prepared menus, hand held devices, satellite imagery and other digital maps and local counterparts

16. Buildings Location represented as footprint and point Attributes captured to characterize building in terms of use and construction Used to estimate “Fragility” of buildings when exposed to –earthquake shaking –tsunami –cyclonic wind –other hazards

17. Transportation Roads and bridges Airports, Wharves

18. Utilities Electricity Water Communications

19. Other data Topography/Bathymetry Contours and hydrology Key for storm surge, tsunami, and cyclonic winds Geology and soils Key for earthquake shaking Census Data Attributes can be extrapolated using similar building type collected by field work Used to estimate casualties, human displacement etc

20. Cook Is – GIS Data, Rarotonga

21. FSM – Yap State Major changes to building stock due to Typhoon Suudal

22. Solomon Is. – GIS Data, Honiara

23. Apia

24. Vanuatu – GIS Data, Port Vila

25. Madang

26. Coastal Hazard Areas

28. What else can this data be used for? Damage assessments –Data can be used to assign and calculate damage to buildings already located and characterised in terms of construction –Handheld computers with “damage” menu pages can provide quick and consistent damage reports

30. Map Viewer

32. QA/QC Report Tool Web enabled Can be used as a building report

33. Data Collection Issues Natural hazards: –Cyclone Pat, Aitutaki Cook Islands, –Cyclone Ulia Solomon Islands, –3 erupting volcanoes in Vanuatu, Other hazards –Ill health/disease –Dogs – 5 dog bites in all, 3 in Samoa Inconsistent assistance from local counterparts Reluctance of Gov’t departments to give access to data Poor georeferenced imagery/lack of control points Vehicle difficulties – poor roads Communication problems Suspicious people

34. Challenges - Sustainability Capacity development within countries to sustain and apply products (‘not another data collection exercise’) Data sharing amongst agencies Development of tools and products to meet country needs Bridge the gap from Science to Policy – products need to assist development planners and DRM/CCA policy makers