1. Comparisons
Figure 3.2 People, boats, and animals, detail of a watercolor copy of a wall painting from tomb 100 at Hierakonpolis, Egypt, Predynastic, ca. 3500–3200 BCE. Paint on plaster, entire painting 16’ 4” X 3’ 7 3/8”. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.
Figure Deer hunt, detail of a wall painting from Level III, Çatal Höyük, Turkey, ca BCE. Museum of Anatolian Civilization, Ankara.

2. Figure 3-3 Palette of King Narmer (left, back; right, front), from Hierakonpolis, Egypt, Predynastic, ca. 3000–2920 BCE. Slate, 2’ 1” high. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.

4. Figure Fragment of the victory stele of Eannatum (Stele of the Vultures), from Girsu (modern Telloh), Iraq, ca. 2600–2500 BCE. Limestone, fragment 2’ 6” high, full stele 5’ 11” high. Louvre, Paris.

7. Figure 3.5 IMHOTEP, Stepped Pyramid and mortuary precinct of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Third Dynasty, ca. 2630–2611 BCE.
Figure 2-15 Ziggurat (northeastern facade with restored stairs), Ur (modern Tell Muqayyar), Iraq, ca BCE.

8. Ben-Ben

11. Comparisons beyond the Western tradition
Figure 3-8 Great Pyramids, Gizeh, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty. From bottom: Pyramids of Menkaure, ca. 2490–2472 BCE; Khafre, ca. 2520–2494 BCE; and Khufu, ca. 2551–2528 BCE.
Figure Aerial view (looking southwest) of the Castillo, Maya, Chichén Itzá, Mexico, ca. 800–900 CE.

12. Figure 3-10 Model of the Fourth Dynasty pyramid complex, Gizeh, Egypt
Figure Model of the Fourth Dynasty pyramid complex, Gizeh, Egypt. Harvard University Semitic Museum, Cambridge. 1) Pyramid of Menkaure, 2) Pyramid of Khafre, 3) mortuary temple of Khafre, 4) causeway, 5) Great Sphinx, 6) valley temple of Khafre, 7) Pyramid of Khufu, 8) pyramids of the royal family and mastabas of nobles.
Figure Aerial view of Teotihuacan (looking south), Mexico. Pyramid of the Moon (foreground), Pyramid of the Sun (top left), and the Citadel (background), all connected by the Avenue of the Dead; main structures ca. 50–250 CE.

13. Figure 14-10 Temple I (Temple of the Giant Jaguar), Maya, Tikal, Guatemala, ca. 732 CE.

14. Figure 36-55 FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, Solomon R
Figure FRANK LLOYD WRIGHT, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York,
Figure 3.5 IMHOTEP, Stepped Pyramid and mortuary precinct of Djoser, Saqqara, Egypt, Third Dynasty, ca. 2630–2611 BCE.

15. Book of the Dead Papyrus scroll
Ceremony of the mouth
The Last Judgment of Nu-Hefer

18. Figure 3-16 Goats treading seed and cattle fording a canal, reliefs in the mastaba of Ti, Saqqara, Egypt, Fifth Dynasty, ca – 2350 BCE. Painted limestone.
Figure Musicians and dancers, from the tomb of Nebamun, Thebes, Egypt, 18th Dynasty, ca. 1400–1350 BCE. Fresco on dry plaster, 1’ X 2’ 3”. British Museum, London.

19. Figure 3-15 Ti watching a hippopotamus hunt, relief in the mastaba of Ti, Saqqara, Egypt, Fifth Dynasty, ca. 2450–2350 BCE. Painted limestone, 4’ high.
Figure Fowling scene, from the tomb of Nebamun, Thebes, Egypt, 18th Dynasty, ca. 1400–1350 BCE. Fresco on dry plaster,. 2’ 8” high. British Museum, London.

20. Figure Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters, from Amarna, Egypt, 18th Dynasty, ca. 1353–1335 BCE. Limestone, 1’ 1/4” high. Ägyptisches Museum, Berlin.
Figure Victory stele of Naram-Sin, from Susa, Iran, 2254–2218 BCE. Pink sandstone, 6’ 7” high. Louvre, Paris.

21. Figure Hatshepsut with offering jars, from the upper court of her mortuary temple, Deir el-Bahri, Egypt, 18th Dynasty, ca. 1473–1458 BCE. Red granite, 8’ 6” high. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.
Figure 3-32 Tiye, from Ghurab, Egypt, 18th Dynasty, ca. 1353–1335 BCE. Wood, with gold, silver, alabaster, and lapis lazuli, 3 3/4” high. Ägyptisches Museum, Berlin.

23. Comparisons with Modern and Contemporary art
Figure GRANT WOOD, American Gothic, Oil on beaverboard, 2’ 5 7/8” x 2’ 7/8”. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago (Friends of American Art Collection). Art © Estate of Grant Wood/Licensed by VAGA, New York.
Figure Menkaure and Khamerernebty(?), from Gizeh, Egypt, Fourth Dynasty, ca. 2490–2472 BCE. Graywacke, 4’ 6 1/2” high. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.

24. Figure 36-40 KIKI SMITH, Untitled, 1990
Figure KIKI SMITH, Untitled, Beeswax and microcrystalline wax figures on metal stands, female figure installed height 6’ 1 1/2”; male figure installed height 6’ 4 15/16”. Collection Whitney Museum of American Art, New York (purchase, with funds from the Painting and Sculpture Committee).
Figure Innermost coffin of Tutankhamen, from his tomb at Thebes, Egypt, 18th Dynasty, ca BCE. Gold with inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones, 6’ 1” long. Egyptian Museum, Cairo.

25. Kiki Smith

28. Damien Hirst