2. SAS ® graphics in motion

3. Hi! I‘m Barbara… … and I‘m Kristan In the next 5 minutes we will guide you through our video poster „SAS ® graphics in motion“

4. ABSTRACT

5. Animated graphics become increasingly popular to improve the effectiveness of presentations. SAS® Software provides the GIFANIM device driver to champion this topic. A sequence of images is exported into a single animated GIF file which appears as a slide show or a short movie.

6. Here we exemplify the usage of the GIF animator. We create an animation that we have used in a biostatistical course for medical students to didactically explain random phenomina to them. SAS code is provided for technical details.

7. INTRODUCTION

8. Teaching statistics to medical students or physicians is challenging due to the lack of their formal background. One has to communicate in a ‘common language’ with them. Hence, it is often helpful to improve your presentations with illustrations.

9. It is important that physicians know about the meaning of randomness. In practice, measurements taken by them appear to result from a random distribution.

10. When a physician takes systolic blood pressure measurements from several different patients the values can be viewed as resulting from a normal distribution. In the following we demonstrate how this scenario can be visualized using animated graphs.

11. THE ANIMATION

12. The next figures demonstrate this approach using a normal distribution as an example. Proc gplot is used to create the following sequence of images. Taking measurements from patients, one after the other, can be associated with dropping dots from the shape of the corresponding density function of the random variable.

14. Finally this sequence of images has to be linked together to produce the animation. In the next paragraph, we show how to perform this task using the GIFANIM device driver. But first watch the animation …

16. THE GIFANIM DRIVER

17. The GIFANIM driver creates GIF animations by combining images created using SAS/GRAPH. The driver is controlled by graphics options that enable you to specifiy, e.g., delay time, iteration count, transparency, and disposal methods.

18. The process involved with creating an animated GIF file requires control of the job sequence and ensures that the resulting data stream is constructed properly.

19. The GIFANIM data stream consists of three parts: Header, Body, and Trailer. Each of the equally important portions must be present, to ensure a properly working animation sequence. For details we refer to our paper in the SUGI 31 proceedings guides.

20. THE CODE

21. filename out my_file.gif'; goptions reset=all device=gifanim gsfname=out gsfmode=replace iteration=0 delay=80 ftext=swissb cback=white ctext=white htext=1 ; Set the graphics environment and assign the appropriate graphics options for the animation. filename out my_file.gif'; goptions reset=all device=gifanim gsfname=out gsfmode=replace iteration=0 delay=80 ftext=swissb cback=white ctext=white htext=1 ; Assign the destination for the output file.

22. These data steps createrandom numbers and data for the sequence of graphs %let n=100; data a; do i=1 to &n; x=5+rannor(111); y=pdf("normal",x,5,1); output; end; run; data b; set a; do k=1 to &n+1-i; l=&n+1-k; output; end; run; number of patients = number of random numbers

23. proc sort data=b; by l; run; data c;set b;by l; z=0; w=1; output; z=0; w=2; output; z=0; w=3; output; run; Thîs data step creates data for the sequence of graphs

24. proc sort data=c; by l w; run; data d; set c; if i=l and w=1 then z=y; if i=l and w=2 then z=y/2; run; data norm; do x=0 to 10 by.1; z1=pdf("normal",x,5,1); output; end; run; These data steps create coordinates for the dots and the density function

25. data norm1; set norm; do l=1 to &n; do w=1 to 3; output; end; run; data plot; set norm1 d; run; proc sort data=plot; by l w; run; These data steps create data for the sequence of graphs

26. To end the animation. symbol1 v=none c= blue i=join w=3; symbol2 v=dot c= blue h=4 ; proc gplot data=plot uniform; plot z*x=2 z1*x=1 / overlay vref=0 nolegend ; by l w; run; quit; data _null_; file out recfm=n mod; put '3B'x; run; filename out clear; The following code sets the symbol statements for the graphs and uses proc gplot to produce the series of plots that will be animated by the GIFANIM driver. Disassociates the currently assigned filerefs.

27. CONCLUSION

28. The GIFANIM device driver is of great value for creating animated graphics in order to improve your presentations, and to achieve more attractiveness for the audience.

29. REFERENCES SAS/GRAPH 9.1 Reference http://support.sas.com/documentation/onlinedoc/sas9 doc.html http://support.sas.com/documentation/onlinedoc/sas9 doc.html CONTACT INFORMATION Ass.Prof.Dipl.Ing.Dr. Barbara Schneider Medical University of Vienna Section for Medical Statistics Spitalgasse 23 A - 1090 Vienna Austria barbara.schneider@meduniwien.ac.at

30. THE END

31. SAS ® graphics in motion