1. SmartPave

2. SmartPave: Technical Details Asphalt Rheometer according to AASHTO TP5, T315-04
Features
Perfect temperature control
Lowest thermal gradients due to the actively heated hood
Designed for testing according to AASHTO T315
No water or gas flow
Special asphalt software
Automatic temperature calibration
-30°C (-40°C) -> 120°C (200°C)
Amplitude sweep linearity test
Based on MCR
Highly dynamic EC-Motor
Air bearing of extremely high stiffness Torque range: 0.1µNm to 150 mNm Angle resolution: 0.01 µrad

3. What is Bitumen? What is Asphalt?
Bitumen = Binder
Asphalt = Binder + Additives (ash, ...)
Contents of binder
hydrocarbons
resins
paraffins, waxes and fats
heavy oils
proteins, lignins and complex oxygen, nitogen and sulfur compounds
Formed by microorganisms as part of crude oil and coal.
Residue from evaporation/distillation at 400 °C.
Example: Bitumen 1 Bitumen 2
80 % hydrocarbons 60 % hydrocarbons
10 % resins 20 % resins
1 % asphaltenes 15 % asphaltenes
9 % others 5% others

4. PTD – Asphalt Peltier Temperature Device
MCR Series Peltier Temperature Device
Excellent Heating and Cooling characteristics
Temperature range -30°C to 120°C
Truly Peltier heated hood
Sliding Rail for peltier hood
Quick Connect
Toolmaster for basis plate & hood
Control Boards are part of the MCR
Combination of Radiation & Conductive Heating and Cooling
Certified temperature calibration sensor
Constant counter cooling temperature over a wide working range
Measuring plates and insets 25mm, 8mm
Truly Peltier Heated Hood
Patented Technology
-30°C to 120°C
Sliding Rail: Flexible Positioning
Peltier Convection & Radiation
MCR Integrated Control Boards
Peltier Heated Basis Plate

5. PTD – Peltier Temperature Device Sliding Rail for the Modular Peltier Hood
Any description needed ?
Quick Connect
Toolmaster
Sliding Rail for flexible positioning of the peltier hood

6. Test Specimen Preparation
Sample Handling…
Test Specimen Preparation
Direct pour
No mould.
Limits stearic hardening.
Referee method.
Mould pouring
Can pour multiple specimens at once.
Convenient.
Can mount specimen on upper or lower plate.
Limit time in mould, 2 hrs max., stearic hardening a concern.

7. Specimen Trimming
Cleanly trimming the specimen, this is very important.
Excessive material (smears) leftover after trimming and/or
removing too much material can lead to errors.
Recommendations:
Keep specimen to a manageable size.
Trim in small sections.
Heat the trimming tool to appropriate temperature, avoid too hot (smoking) and too cool (pulling) conditions.
Trimming tool design important.

8. Specimen Trimming

9. PTD – Peltier Temperature Device Verification / Calibration of the sample temperature
For those customers who have to verify the temperature in the measuring gap:
Automatic temperature calibration routine (Rheoplus Software)
Certified sensor
Calibration sensor in the measuring gap
Connection of the calibration sensor to the rheometer
Plug & play

10. SmartPave: Technical Details Accessories
Accessories for SmartPave:
Software Rheoplus
Insets 25 and 8 mm
Measuring plates 25 and 8 mm
Calibration sensor CSA
Peltier chamber P-PTD200/56/I
Peltier hood H-PTD120

11. AASHTO T315 Application
Performance based Asphalt Binder Specifications
High and low temperatures
Loading conditions
Vehicle speed of 100 km/h
Traffic volume

12. AASHTO T315 Application
Environmental conditions may lead to the following phenomena
Ruttings: Aqua planing
Fatigue cracking
Thermal cracking

13. Effects of Road Aging Protective Layer Binder Layer Support Layer
Underground

14. RTFO & PAV Application Aging in the Rolling Thin Film Oven (RTFO):
Simulates the thin films of binder as they are exposed to heat and forced air during the mixing process and placement
Evaporation and oxidation (small molecules disappear)
Aging in the Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV):
Simulates in-service aging after 5 to 10 years in the field
Asphalt Binders are exposed to high temperature (100°C) and air pressure (2.07 MPa) for 20 hours to simulate long-term aging. Resulting viscosity of the PAV-aged asphalt binder is approximately 8+ times the viscosity of the unaged asphalt binder.
Source: SHRP 1994

15. Rheoplus Supported Tests AASHTO T315
The standard defines 4 tests:
Original Binder Deformation/Ruttings
Rolling Thin Film Oven - RTFO Aged Binder Deformation/Ruttings
Pressure Aging Vessel Residue - PAV Aged Binder Fatigue Cracking
Linearity
Grading:
Used to define the performance grade of an unknown sample
Test at start temperature (58°C, 19°C for PAV)
Test failed:
Temperature step until sample passes 6°C (3°C for PAV)
Test passed:
Temperature step until samples fails
Verification:
Carried out at one pre-defined temperature
To verify the grading of a sample (passed or failed)

16. Rheoplus Predefined Asphalt Workbooks
Predefined workbooks according to AASHTO T315 can be found in the Rheoplus
The Smart Applications guide the user through the setup of the instrument.

17. Rheoplus Grading Tests AASHTO T315 – Grading
Settings for grading tests
Parallel-Plate: PP25/1mm gap or PP08/2mm gap for PAV
Angular Frequency: 10 rad/s
Binder [ G*/sin(delta) > 1.0 kPa ]
Strain for Binder: 12%
Start temperature: 58°C
More temperatures: (46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 76, 82)°C
RTFO [ G*/sin(delta) > 2.2 kPa ]
Strain for RTFO: 10%
Start temperature 58°C
More temperatures (46, 52, 58, 64, 70, 76, 82)°C
PAV [ G*/sin(delta) < 5000 kPa ]
Strain for PAV: 1%
Start temperature 19°C
More temperatures (4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31, 37, 40)°C

18. Rheoplus Grading Tests AASHTO T315 – Grading
Settings for verification tests
Parallel-Plate PP25 (PP08 for PAV)
Angular Frequency for all samples: 10 rad/s
Binder [ G*/sin(delta) > 1.0 kPa ]
Strain for Binder: 12%
Performed at grading temperature
RTFO [ G*/sin(delta) > 2.2 kPa ]
Strain for RTFO: 10%
PAV [ G*/sin(delta) < 5000 kPa ]
Strain for PAV: 1%

19. Rheoplus Predefined Asphalt Workbooks
RheoPlus Software with special simple to run Asphalt Workbooks

20. Rheoplus Asphalt Workbook RheoPlus software with special asphalt workbooks that guide the user step-by-step

21. SHRP: AASHTO T315 Tests Results

22. AASHTO T315 Original Binder Test Results
Original Binder; Passed at 64, 70; Failed at 76 and 82
Criteria:
|G*| /sind > 1.0 kPa

23. AASHTO T315 RTFO Aged Binder Test Results Test Results
RTFOT; Passed at 46, 58, 70
Criteria:
|G*| /sind > 2.2 kPa

24. AASHTO T315 PAV Aged Binder Test Results Test Results
PAV (aged 12 hours); Passed at 28, 22, 16; Failed at 10 and 4
Criteria:
|G*| · sind < 5000 kPa