1. The ideal binder for MYCOTOXIN
Sintocheck
The ideal binder for MYCOTOXIN

2. During the time between harvesting and drying , and in storage
DEFINITION
Mycotoxins are metabolites of molds growing on feedstuffs (Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillum).They are spread everywhere and are able to bring about poisoning in the animals that assume contaminated feed
Many mycotoxins can contaminate crops before harvest under certain circumstances of humidity and temperature .
 FIELD MYCOTOXINS
During the time between harvesting and drying , and in storage
 STOCK MYCOTOXINS

3. THE MAIN MYCOTOXINS ASPERGILLUS
Flavus, Parasiticus AFLATOXINS (B1, B2, G1, G2)
Ochraceus OCHRATOXIN
FUSARIUM
Graminearum, Moniliforme ZEARALENONE, FUMONISIN
Sporotrichoides (DAS, T2,DON)
PENICILLUM
Cyclopium PENICILLIC ACID
Citrinum CITRININ
Rubrum RUBRATOXIN
Viridicatum OCHRATOXIN

4. TOXIC EFFECT OF THE MYCOTOXINS
Common is the presence of various mycotoxins, even though present
in small amounts,they add their effects,determining a synergistic effect..
…. are more dangerous at low levels of different mycotoxins than high levels of single mycotoxin
Mycotoxins are resistant to all technological treatments.

5. MYCOTOXIN LEGISLATION
Directive 2002/32/EC on undesirable substances in animal feed (2006/02/24)
0,02
0,005
0,01
All feed materials
Complete feedingstuffs for cattle,sheep and goats with the exception of:
-complete feedingstuffs for dairy animals
-complete feedingstuffs for calves and lambs
Complete feedingstuffs for pigs and poultry (except young animals)
Other complete feedingstuffs
Complementary feedingstuffs for cattle, sheep and goats (except complementary feedingstuffs for dairy
animals, calves and lambs)
Complementary feedingstuffs for pigs and poultry (except young animals)
Other complementary feedingstuffs
AFLATOXIN B1
Maximum content in ppm relative
to a feedingstuff with a moisture content of 12 %
Products intended for animal feed
Undesirable substance
(with the new normative may not be mixed for dilution!!)

6. MYCOTOXIN LEGISLATION
COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION of 17 August 2006
0,25
0,05
0,1 60 5 10 20 50
Feed materials
-cereals and cereal products
Complementary and complete feedingstuffs
-complementary and complete feedingstuffs for pigs
-complementary and complete feedingstuffs for poultry
-maize and maize products
Complementary and complete feedingstuffs for::
-pigs, horses , rabbits and pet animals
-fish
-poultry, calves (< 4 months), lambs and kids
-adult ruminants (> 4 months) and minki
OCHRATOXIN A
Maximum content in ppm relative
to a feedingstuff with a moisture content of 12 %
Products intended for animal feed
Undesirable substance
FUMONISINE
B1 + B2
FUMONISIN
B1+B2

7. MYCOTOXIN LEGISLATION
COMMISSION RECOMMENDATION of 17 August 2006 8 12 5
0,9 2 3
0,1
0,25
0,5
Feed materials
-cereals and cereal products with the exception of maize by-products
- maize by-products
Complementary and complete feedingstuffs with the exception of:
-complementary and complete feedingstuffs for pigs
-complementary and complete feedingstuffs for calves (< 4 months), lambsand, kids
Complementary and complete feedingstuffs
-complementary and complete feedingstuffs for piglets and gilts (young sows)
-complementary and complete feedingstuffs for sows and fattening pigs
-complementary and complete feedingstuffs for calves, dairy cattle, sheep and goats
DEOXYNIVALENOL
Maximum content in ppm relative
to a feedingstuff with a moisture content of 12 %
Products intended for animal feed
Undesirable substance
ZEARALENONE

8. Intestinal haemorrhage
EFFECTS ON SWINE
Pulmunary Oedema
a kidney trouble
Swine nephropaty
Vulvovaginitis
Prolepsis
Embryo mortality
Oral Irritation
Feed refusal
vomiting
Liver toxicosis
Intestinal haemorrhage

9. TOXIC MYCOTOXINS ON SWINE
100 ppb
10000 ppb
200 ppb
500 ppb
50 ppb
1000 ppb
50000 ppb
T2,DAS: 3000 ppb
DON: 5000 ppb
Estogenic syndrome,
reproduction
ZEARALENONE
Pulmunary oedema
FUMONISIN
Protein metabolism, kidneys
OCHRATOXIN A
Feed refusal, mucous membrane damage(max mouth)
TRICOTECENI
(T2, DAS, DON)
Liver
AFLATOXIN
MYCOTOXIN SYMPTOM TOXIC LIMIT ATTENTION LIMIT

10. EFFECTS ON SWINE 25-100 ppb of Zearalenone 500-1000 ppb of Fumonisina
(less fertility)
Less heat during 5 days after weaning
More anaoestrus
Less pigglets live births more abortion; litters less uniform
Rectal and uterus prolapsis
ppb of Fumonisina
( reproduction and respiratory problems)
Increase incidence of :PRRS, APP; CRV
Pulmunary oedema
Unexpected death
Less immune activity
Increase of E.Coli in the intestinal tract

11. 100-500 ppb Tricoteceni: A: T-2 e DAS;
EFFECTS ON SWINE
ppb Tricoteceni: A: T-2 e DAS;
B: DON ( digestion problems )
Anorexia
Vomiting (12 ppm)
Immunodepression
Delayed growth
Skin and mucous necrosis
DAS: Deacetoxiscirpenolo; DON: Deossivalenolo
ppb AFLATOXIN
(hepatic problem)
Anorexia
Unexpected death (1000 ppb)
Hepatic damage (necrosy, icterus, lipidosy, hemorrages)
Delayed growth
Immunodepression

12. EFFECTS ON POULTRY kidneys mucous membrane Bood- vessels
Sistema emopoietico ed
organi linfoidi
Bood- vessels
kidneys
Reproductive organ
teratogenicità
arti

13. TOXIC MYCOTOXINS ON POULTRY
2000 ppb
ppb
Reproduction,osseous system
ZEARALENONE
10000 ppb
50000 ppb
Nervous system
FUMONISIN
100 ppb
Protein synthesis, bigger kidneys, increased of fecal moisture
OCHRATOXIN A
400 ppb
1000 ppb
T2, DAS:2000 ppb
DON: ppb
Mouth, protein metabolism ionofor antibiotic
TRICOTECENI
(T2,Das, DON)
50 ppb
Liver
AFLATOXIN
MYCOTOXIN SYMPTOM TOXIC LIMIT ATTENTION LIMIT

14. EFFECTS ON POULTRY Necrosis Immunodepression Less answer to vaccines
Increase cost of therapy
More mortality
Less yield
TOXIC LIMIT
Aflatoxin: 1000 pbb
T-2, DAS: 2000 ppb
DON: 1000 ppm
Ochratoxin A: 2000 ppb
Necrosis

15. EFFECTS ON RUMINANTS Vulvovaginitis Gastro enteritis Prolepsis
Embryo mortality
Gastro enteritis
Intestinal haemorrhage
Immunodepression
Cystic ovarian
Feed refusal
vomiting
Milk contamination
Decline in milk production
Increase in somatic cells

16. EFFECTS ON RUMINANTS Legislative decree n° 149 of 10 May 2004
ZEARALENONE/DON
Cistic ovarian
Miscarriages
More anaoestrus
Less heat
TRICOTECENI AND OTHER MYCOTOXIN
Immunodepression
Less ingestion
Decline in milk production
AFLATOXIN B1 AND M1:they are a problem for the health of the consumer
Legislative decree n° 149 of 10 May 2004

17. POSSIBLE STRATEGIES IN ORDER TO PREVENT AND TO MANAGE THE MYCOTOXIN PROBLEMS
1 Establish an adequate quality control of feedstuffs 2 Use of mould inhibitor during storage 3 Use mycotoxins binder

18. They do not have effect on the mycotoxins produced on the field
ANTIMOULD ADDITIVES
They do not have to be considered the exclusive method of control
Combinations of organic acids (propyonic, sorbic, benzoic and acetic) or salts of organic acids (calcium propionate and potasium sorbate)
They must be distributed uniform on all the feed
BUT ABOVE ALL
They do not have effect on the mycotoxins produced on the field

19. ADDITIVES ADSORBENT MYCOTOXINS
Sintocheck
Natural Mycotoxin Binder
Composition: Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS)
New concept:
BY USING A WELL BALANCED,COMBINATION OF DIFFERENT HSCAS
THAT ARE ACTIVED BY A HEAT DRYING PROCESS ,
WE WELL OBTAIN A SYNERGIC EFFECT,INCREASING THE CAPACITY AND
SPECTRUM OF MYCOTOXIN BINDER.

20. WHY CLAYS ARE DIFFERENT? HOW TO COMPARE THEM?
CEC: Cation Exchange Capacity (MEQ)
< 19 MEQ is considered a saturation point,which makes the clay have a neutral
charge,it's adsorption capacity is minimal
>60 MEQ is considered a high CEC,which can interfere in
the adsorption of nutrients,especially minerals.
Sintocheck (mixture of illites and chlorites) MEQ

21. WHY CLAYS ARE DIFFERENT? HOW TO COMPARE THEM?
EXPANDABLE: Hight cation exchange,more than 60MEQ. Absorb water. Absorb nutrients. NON EXPANDABLE: Lower than 60 MEQ cation exchange capacity Very small to almost no water absorption Very little to no absorption of nutrients.
Sintocheck is not expandable
DIPOLAR – POLAR
Dipolar clays have a wide spectrum of adsorption of mycotoxins.
Polar clays (such as Bentionites) have a negative charge and can only adsorb mycotoxins
with a strong positive charge
Sintocheck is dipolar

22. WHY CLAYS ARE DIFFERENT? HOW TO COMPARE THEM?
PORE SIZE AND SURFACE AREA
Bentonite = Hight CEC = Smaller surface area = less binding sites
Bentonite = Pore size of 1,5 to 1,8 A
Illites and chlorites (silicates) = Smaller CEC = Larger surface activity =
more binding sites.
Illites and chlorites (silicates) = Larger pore size, in range of 2,5 A
PARTICLE SIZE
The size of particle is very critical:
less than 300 mesh reduces the surface area
- the best size is between 300 and 400 mesh
-at 400 mesh or higher ,particles are too small and could represent hazardous
problems to workes.
Sintocheck has a particle size , which is the best for a superior adsorbent

23. WHY CLAYS ARE DIFFERENT? HOW TO COMPARE THEM?PH
There is an interrelationship between the pH of the clay and where the binding is performed in the GI tract of the animal.
Clays with an acid pH tend to work better in the large intestine.
Clays with an alkaline pH perform their binding in the lower intestine.
Many scientists and nutritionists believe it is better for a clay to work in the lower intestine.
SINTOCHECK HAS A PH OF 7,8 TO 8,
THEREFORE IT PERFORMS BINDING IN THE LOWER INTESTINE

24. WHY CLAYS ARE DIFFERENT? HOW TO COMPARE THEM?
TEMPERATURE WHICH THE CLAYS ARE SUBMITTED TO DURING PROCESSING
Temperature may have an effect on the cation exchange due to solubility and temperature reationship.
Many clays are extracted from the ground ,then ground into finer particles with no heat being applied for drying.
Drying clays at normal temperatures of 200 to 300 F°(95-150°C) can make the clay more active and have a better cation interchange.
If excess temperature is used in drying,for example,900 F°(480°C),the components crystallize or fragment,rendering the clay ineffective as a single component or as a unit for mycotoxin adsorbtion.
SINTOCHECK is dried at temperature of 100 and 105 °C
which is the range of temperature which can make the clay more active and
have better cationic exchange,therefore a must better binder.

25. SINTOCHECK It is different because…
Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS) natural
Big binding capacity and large spectrum of mycotoxin binder
Irriversible bond with mycotoxins
The small particle size allows an optimal homogenization with the other feed ingredients contributing to solve also the problems of fluidity and caking.

26. BINDING CAPACITY OF SINTOCHECK
SINTOCHECK is tested using 5ppm mycotoxin at inclusion level of 2,5 Kg/TON
99% Aflatoxin M1
97% Citrinin
95% Aflatoxin B1
94% T2
84% Vomitoxin
84% Don
72% Fumonisin B1
72% Ochratoxin A
43% Zearalenone
M1 CIT B1 T2 VOM DO F.B1 0CR ZEA

27. A CONCEPT OF HOW SINTOCHECK WORKS
MAGNETIC ATTRACTION: A difference in electrical charge between Sintocheck and mycotoxins.
Sintocheck works like a magnet
mycotoxin
2. PARTICLE SIZE: The particle size of Sintocheck provides a larger surface area that maximizes the binding of mycotoxins.
Sintocheck
OTHER PRODUCT
MYCOTOXIN
MYCOTOXIN

28. A CONCEPT OF HOW SINTOCHECK WORKS
3.PORE VOLUME: SINTOCHECKhas an ideal pore volume to bind a large percentage of mycotoxins. Using SINTOCHECK is like having a number of magnets in one.
SINTOCHECK with bound mycotoxins
MICOTOXIN
MICRO-BOND
MICOTOXIN
MICOTOXIN
BINDING MYCOTOXINS CAUSES A LARGER COMBINED PARTICLE OR MOLECULAR SIZE WHICH IS NOT ADSORBED BY THE DIGESTIVE TRACT IT IS PASSED IN THE FECES,CAUSING NO HARM TO THE ANIMAL'S PERFORMANCE.

29. SINTOCHECK Dosage: 2,5 Kg/ton
SINTOCHECK does not affect,nor is affected by other ingredients such as:
antibiotics/medicinal
riboflavin
vitamin A- zinc - manganese
phosphorus
Dosage: 2,5 Kg/ton

30. SINTOCHECK Pigs, poultry,fishes, horses, pets Ruminants 1,0-1,5 Kg
Prevention of risk
2,0-2,5 Kg
Presence of mycotoxin
1,5-2,0 Kg
Sospect of mycotoxin
Per ton of feed
Pigs, poultry,fishes, horses, pets
50 g/head /da
beef cattle
60 g/head /day
dairy cows
Ruminants