1. AMERICA RIDES ON US Basics of a Good Road: Part 3 Foundation Prep, Testing Standards, Quality and Inspection LTAP Road Scholar Core Course #6

2. AMERICA RIDES ON US Pavement Performance Appropriate Specifications Adequate and Properly Prepared Foundation Adequate Thickness for Traffic Use Appropriate and Quality Materials Appropriate Blend of Materials (Mix Design) Plant Production Control (Mixture QC) Placement Control (Transporting, Paving and Compaction QC)

3. AMERICA RIDES ON US Appropriate Specifications Industry Road Construction Standard (not just for State Highways) (Section 400& 900)

4. AMERICA RIDES ON US Preparation for Paving New Construction –Subgrade Treatments –Proofrolling Base Widening & Profile Correction Overlays –Wedge and Level –Base Widening Patching Milling Tack Coat

5. AMERICA RIDES ON US A pavement asset starts with a good foundation

6. AMERICA RIDES ON US Subgrade Treatment Types –New Construction Compacted Aggregate Base (CAB) #53’s Chemical Stabilization Compacted Soil (Density & Moisture) Subgrade (foundation) CAB w/ Geogrid Geogrid

7. AMERICA RIDES ON US Testing the Foundation Proofrolling-(Loaded Triaxle) In-Place Moisture- Density –Nuclear –Sand cone Dynamic Cone Pentrometer (DCP) – measures stiffness

8. AMERICA RIDES ON US Warped and Widening & Profile Correctionments

9. AMERICA RIDES ON US Widening 402 mixtures Pay Item - “Widening with HMA, Type _____” Cost of excavation & disposal included in “Widening” pay Item ≤ 3.0 ft. – use trench roller Roller passes specified

10. AMERICA RIDES ON US Wedge & Level 402 mixtures Current use of W & L is generally being replaced by Milling Pay Item - “HMA Wedge and Level, Type____”

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12. Crown Wedge

13. AMERICA RIDES ON US The Problem with Wedging Too thin, fractures course rock, drags screed, poor compaction Too thick, poor compaction Non-uniform compaction

14. AMERICA RIDES ON US Layer NMAS Max. size of aggregate in mixture Recommended Compacted Thickness Range Surface4.75mm (#4 sieve) 9.5 mm (3/8”) 12.5 mm (1/2”) 3/8” ½” 3/4” ¾” -1-1/2” 1”-2” 1-7/8”-3.0” Intermediate9.5 mm (3/8”) 12.5mm (1/2”) 19.0 mm (3/4”) 25.0 mm (1.0”) ½” 3/4” 1.0” 1-1/2” 1.0”-2.0” 1 7/8”-3.0” 2.0”-4.0” 3.0”-6.0” Base19.0 mm (3/4”) 25.0 mm (1.0”) 1.0” 1-1/2 2.0”-4.0” 3.0”-6.0” Mixture Thickness Standard [2- 4 x Max. Particle Size]

15. AMERICA RIDES ON US OVERLAY PREP - MILLING

16. AMERICA RIDES ON US MILLING BENEFITS Removal of distressed pavement Improved smoothness Reshape Cross slopes (uniform overlay thickness) Eliminate shoulder work after new layer(s) are placed (inlay). Maintain or create curb exposure Maintain clearances at overhead structures.

17. AMERICA RIDES ON US MILLING BENEFITS (cont’d) Maintain or create drainage. Transition between HMA layers Transition to approaches or other existing pavements. Removal of any existing asphalt joint repair material. Create a textured surface to help prevent sliding of new HMA overlays.

18. AMERICA RIDES ON US Asphalt scarification and profile Prepare a base for resurfacing by removing the existing asphalt material.(crack sealing) The entire surface will be roughened by the milling process. This item may specify cross slope correction. QCP straightedge and Macrotexture requirements apply to this item. 5 day cover on the mainline. 10 days off the mainline.

19. AMERICA RIDES ON US Approach Milling Milling the surface and cutting a wedge at the driveways, commercial or public road approaches. ¼” minimum depth (texturing). Automatics not required No macrotexture & straightedge required.

20. AMERICA RIDES ON US Asphalt Milling Removal by milling to a specified average depth. Ex. “Milling, asphalt, 1.5” This item may also specify cross slope correction/maintenance. Macrotexture and grade requirements apply. 5 day cover-up

21. AMERICA RIDES ON US Asphalt Removal Complete removal of the existing asphalt (by milling) from a Portland cement concrete or brick base. Minor amounts of asphalt pavement material bonded to a concrete base at joints and cracks may remain in place. Macrotexture and grade requirements do not apply.

22. AMERICA RIDES ON US PCCP Milling Consists of preparing a base for resurfacing by removing the existing PCCP material to a specified average depth. Ex. Milling, PCCP, 1.5” Macrotexture and grade requirements apply.

23. AMERICA RIDES ON US Transition milling Cutting a wedge at the beginning and ending of projects and paving exceptions. The existing pavement shall be cut to provide a nearly vertical face of 1.5” for the termini of each overlay lift of base. Automatics grades controls not required QCP standards do not apply to this item.

24. AMERICA RIDES ON US Patching Marked by agency personnel 402 mixtures Typical Sections Pay Item - “HMA Patching, Type _____” Excav. & Prep. cost included in Patching

25. AMERICA RIDES ON US Sample Typical Section for Patching Typical Section

26. AMERICA RIDES ON US Tack Coat

27. AMERICA RIDES ON US Tack Application Materials –AE-T –AE-PMT –SS-1h –AE-NT Application Rate = 0.03 -0.08 gallons/ sys Too little is better than too much Uniformly without puddling or streaking

28. AMERICA RIDES ON US Ready for Paving

29. AMERICA RIDES ON US Tacking the Edges

30. AMERICA RIDES ON US OK?

31. AMERICA RIDES ON US OK?

32. AMERICA RIDES ON US Partially Broken Tack

33. AMERICA RIDES ON US Traits of a Good Asphalt Pavement? Need Appropriate Materials and Mix Design to Achieve

34. AMERICA RIDES ON US Testing Standards

35. AMERICA RIDES ON US One size does not fit all

36. AMERICA RIDES ON US Mix Type Selection ESAL’s (Equivalent Single Axle Load) –Traffic Type (trucks) and Volume –Design life Traffic Speed –High, Slow or Stopped Layer –Base, Intermediate, Surface, Drainage Design Thickness

37. AMERICA RIDES ON US 18 kip - ESAL’s One = 6000

38. AMERICA RIDES ON US Superpave® Table ESAL Cat.12345 ESAL s<0.3M.3-3M3-10M10-30M>30M Approx. AADT 40004k-15k15k- 30k >30k Design Gyrations 5075100 125 % Crushed 557585/8095/90100

39. AMERICA RIDES ON US How is mix composition determined? (JMF) Superpave® System (SP Gyratory Compactor) Mix Design- laboratory process for material selection and proportioning to develop a job mix formula (JMF)

40. AMERICA RIDES ON US SUPERPAVE DESIGN METHODS Gyratory Compactor (SGC) Superpave Gradation Master Bands Traffic Categories (ESAL’s) Aggregate properties (consensus) Trial blends (trial and error) Blend selection and binder content Stripping test verification

41. AMERICA RIDES ON US Design Test Properties Maximum Specific Gravity Bulk Specific Gravity Voids in the Mineral Aggregate (VMA, packing of the aggregates) Air Voids (AV) (target = ±4.0%) Voids filled with Asphalt (VFA) Moisture sensitivity (stripping potential)

42. AMERICA RIDES ON US INDOT DMF/JMF Standard Form

43. AMERICA RIDES ON US HMA PRODUCER :Rieth-Riley Const. Co.,Inc. PLANT LOCATION :96th St CERTIFIED PLANT NUMBER:3316 APPROVED DESIGN LAB : MATERIALS (Aggregate Size / Source / Ledge / %) #11 Slag Beemsterboer,18.0% #11 Dolomite Delphi #2421,Q#972034,L1-3, 21.0% Used #24 Dolomite SS Delphi #2421,Q#972034,L1-3, 24.5% Used #24ss,M-M #2311,Q#,,20.0% #11 Steel Slag Pittsboro,#2186,8.0% Shingles, 2.0% -1/4" Frap, Rieth-Riley #3316, 5.0% BHF-Rieth-Riley #3316,1.5% PG BINDER (Grade / Source): 64-22 OTHER ADDITIVES (Type / Source / Rate)

44. AMERICA RIDES ON US DMF/JMF number (401 only) DMF/JMF number (402 only) Material Code All applic. 401 ESAL Categories4 All applicable 402 Types A,B,C,D PG-High Temp. Grade (equivalent) Mixture course Surface Mixture designation 9.5mm Maximum particle size 9.5 SpecMassVolume %Pass 37.5mm100.0 %Pass 25.0mm100.0 %Pass 19.0mm100.0 %Pass 12.5mm100.0 %Pass 9.5mm90-10092.592.6 %Pass 4.75mm<9062.362.6 %Pass 2.36mm32-6749.550.0 %Pass 1.18mm 29.429.8 %Pass 600µm 18.418.6 %Pass 300µm 11.611.8 %Pass 150µm 7.27.3 %Pass 75µm2-104.84.9 Aggregate blend Gsb 2.700 Mix temp. Min. °C (°F) 127c Mix temp. Max. °C (°F) 160c Mix compaction temp. lab °C (°F)150c

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46. Quality and Inspection

47. AMERICA RIDES ON US A System is in Place……… Primary Reference –Material Specs –Construction Specs –Sampling Testing & Procedures ASSHTO ASTM ITM Certification Programs

48. AMERICA RIDES ON US Reference INDOT Standard Specifications and you get……. Certified HMA Plant√ Certified CAPP Aggregates√ Certified Asphalt Supplier√ Certified HMA Technicians√ Plant Quality Control Plan –QCP (ITM 583)√ Job Quality Control Plan (ITM 803)√ Mix design by approved design lab√ Approved mix design (JMF)√ Certified HMA Field Supervisor (ITM 803)√

49. AMERICA RIDES ON US Certified Aggregate Producer Quality Control Plan –Sampling & tested Certified Technicians Annual INDOT Audit Quality tested by INDOT

50. AMERICA RIDES ON US Certified Binder Supplier Quality Control Plan Annual INDOT Audit Comparison Testing Daily Sample from tank & random acceptance testing by INDOT

51. AMERICA RIDES ON US Certified HMA Plant Written Quality Control Plan (at site) Certified HMA Technicians Quality Control Lab at plant site Annual INDOT Audit

52. AMERICA RIDES ON US Approved Mix Design Lab Lab assessment by ASSHTO Material Reference Lab (AMRL) Comparison Samples from AMRL Regularly scheduled equipment calibration

53. AMERICA RIDES ON US Quality Control Testing at the Plant Compacted Gyratory specimens-Specific Gravity Max. Theoretical Specific Gravity Ignition Oven/Extraction Mix Gradation Aggregates

54. AMERICA RIDES ON US Type D Certification Record of daily QC testing of the mixture, signed by a Certified HMA Technician

55. AMERICA RIDES ON US APAI Guide to Specifying HMA Pavements for Local Agencies 2014 version available soon

56. AMERICA RIDES ON US A product for your preservation tool box

57. AMERICA RIDES ON US Why 4.75 Thin Asphalt Overlay?  Shift from new construction to renewal and preservation (stretching your $)  Functional improvements for safety and smoothness needed more than structural improvements  Material improvements  Binders – Superpave and Polymers  Superpave mix design  Warm Mix  Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), Roofing Shingles (RAS)

58. AMERICA RIDES ON US Benefits of 4.75 mm Long service, low life- cycle cost Maintain grade and slope Handles heavy traffic Smooth surface Seal the surface No loose stones Minimize dust Minimize traffic delays No curing time Low noise generation No binder runoff Can be recycled Can use in stage construction Easy to maintain Restore skid resistance

59. AMERICA RIDES ON US Performance - Pavement Life LocationTrafficUnderlying Pavement Performance, yrs. Ohio High/LowAsphalt16 LowComposite11 HighComposite7 North Carolina----Concrete6 – 10 OntarioHighAsphalt8 IllinoisLowAsphalt7 – 10 New York----Asphalt5 – 8 IndianaLowAsphalt9 – 11 Austria High/LowAsphalt>10 HighConcrete>8>8 GeorgiaLowAsphalt10 2/17/201059 Thin Lift Asphalt Pavement Construction

60. From APAM (Michigan)

61. AMERICA RIDES ON US Project Selection Avoid Projects Needing Structural Rehabilitation!!

62. AMERICA RIDES ON US Where to use-Types of distress Raveling Longitudinal Cracking (less than 3/8”) Transverse Cracking (less than 3/8”) Alligator Cracking Rutting & Flushing Polishing

63. AMERICA RIDES ON US Raveling

64. AMERICA RIDES ON US Longitudinal Cracking (not in wheel path)

65. AMERICA RIDES ON US Longitudinal Cracking (wheel path) Temporary Fix for Minor Distress

66. AMERICA RIDES ON US Transverse Cracking

67. AMERICA RIDES ON US Alligator (Fatigue) Cracking

68. AMERICA RIDES ON US Rutting or Shoving

69. AMERICA RIDES ON US INDOT Sec. 401 QC/QA HMA 4.75 mm Sieve SizePer Cent Passing 12.5 mm (1/2”)100.0 9.5 mm (3/8”)95.0-100.0 4.75 mm (#4)90.0-100.0 1.18 mm (#16)30.0-60.0 75µm (#200)6.0-12.0

70. AMERICA RIDES ON US Basics of Building a Good Road Appropriate Specifications Adequate and Properly Prepared Foundation Adequate Thickness for Traffic Use Appropriate and Quality Materials Appropriate Blend of Materials (Mix Design) Plant Production Control (Mixture QC) Placement Control (Transporting, Paving and Compaction QC)

71. AMERICA RIDES ON US Thank you…Questions?