1. Case 2007-1971 Ellen M Binder Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

2. Signalment & History Number 200 18-month old female brown and white Boer goat Transported from NC to VA 1 week ago Bred within last 2-3 weeks Vaccinated within last week Other goats (4) normal Clinical Signs Lethargy, depression Mucous membranes pale and grey Pigmenturia Neurologic Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

3. CBC & Chemistry Anemia Leukocytosis Azotemia Liver and muscle enzymes increased Urinalysis Proteinuria Pigmenturia Hematuria Fecal Egg Count Treatment Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

4. Differential Diagnoses Copper Toxicosis Infectious Leptospira Plant toxicosis Unknown toxin/infection Myopoathy Negative Copper (serum): 2.6ppm Lead (blood): none detected No methemoglobinemia Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

5. Kidney Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

6. Kidney: H&E (200x) Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

7. Kidney: H&E (400x) Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

8. Kidney: special stains Prussian BlueHalls Rhodanine Steiner’s Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

9. Kidney: Prussian Blue (+) Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

10. Liver: H&E (100x) Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

11. Liver: H&E (200x) Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

12. Liver: H&E (400x) Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

13. Liver: special stains Prussian BlueHalls Rhodanine Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

14. Liver: Halls (+) Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

15. Liver: Rhodanine (+) Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

16. Morphologic Diagnoses: Kidney, acute tubular necrosis, diffuse, marked, with hemoglobin tubular casts and multifocal interstitial nephritis. Liver, hepatitis, periportal and centrilobular, moderate, with copper accumulation, hepatocellular necrosis and cholestasis. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

17. Copper Toxicosis Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

18. Copper Toxicosis Stressor precipitates sudden release of Cu Hepatic necrosis Hemolytic crisis Other species Cattle Pigs Dogs: Bedlington, WHWT, & Skye terriers Siamese cat (single case) Humans (Wilson disease) Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

19. COPPER TOXICOSIS IN A DAIRY GOAT HERD. Cornish J, Angelos J, Puschner B, Miller G, George L., 2007 400 mixed breed dairy goats Decrease in milk production and increased mortality rate 9 deaths within a 1 month period Clinical signs only in lactating goats Anorexia, recumbency, neurologic abnormalities and death AST, GGT and Total bilirubin: elevated No evidence of hemolysis Had been fed mineral mix containing 3,050 ppm copper for the past 9 months Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only

20. Acknowledgments Histology technicians Co-authors: Natalie Crawford, D Phillip Sponenberg, Rachel Tan, Flavia Lepene References 1.Adam SEI, Wasfi LA, Chronic copper toxicity in Nubian goats. J Comp Pathol 1977;87:623-627. 2.Cornish J, Angelos J, Puschner B, Miller G, George L. Copper toxicosis in a dairy goat herd. JAVMA 2007; 231,4:586-589. 3.Jubb, Kennedy & Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals. Ed. M Grant Maxie. Saunders Ltd. 2:379-381. 4.Solaiman SG, Maloney MA, Qureshi MA, et al. Effects of high copper supplements on performance, health, plasma copper and enzymes in goats. Small Rumin Res 2001;41:127-139. 5.Soli NE, Nafstad I. Effects of daily oral administration of copper to goats. Acta Vet Scand 1978; 19:561-568. Presented at SEVPAC 2008 – Permission granted for use on SEVPAC website only