1. Environment Lisa

2. Purpose Learn how to describe a line graph and show the changes over time. This unit you will also learn how to write a paragraph where you describe a line graph using past tense verbs.

3. Getting Ready to write Questions: 1. What type of graph is this? 2. What does the graph show? 3. How is the population measured? 4. What overall trend does the graph show? 5. What is the interval between the years on the x axis?

4. Key Vocabulary Carbon measure stable Climb trend significant Drop peak sharp Emission quantity slight Fall remain steady Grow rise relatively

5. Similar or Different a. sudden, quick similar / different b. Fall, drop similar/ different c. Stable, inconsistent similar/ different d. Slightly, sharply similar/ different e. Climb, fall similar/ different f. Slow, gradual similar / different

6. Choose the correct word a. The population ( rose, fell) from 100 million to 90 million. b. The quantity rose (slightly, significantly) from 5% to 95%. c. From 1992 to 1995, the figure remained ( steady, slight). d. The total ( dropped, climbed) (sharply, inconsistently) from 75 to 10. e. These numbers ( remained, grew) the same for three years.

7. f. The numbers increased ( gradually/ sharply) from 95 to 100 over the next five years. Useful words for describing graphs in _____ yearly intervals This is a useful phrase for talking about graphs which describe data over time.

8. Essential Grammar Phrases: ( prepositions for dates) between … and eg: between 2005 and 2008 from … to from 2005 to 2008 from … until from 2005 until 2008 in in 2007 for for the five years During during the five years Over over five years

9. Prepositions for numbers From … to ( to describe movement in an upwards or downwards direction on the graph, with verbs such as rise/ fall, increase/decrease) e.g. 1. The number of birds rose from 120 million to 125 million. 2. The number fell from 125 million to 97 million. 3. To describe a state, use the preposition at.

10. e.g. The number began at 120 million. It peaked at 125 million. It remained stable at 95 million. It ended at 90 million. With nouns, use of E.G. There was an increase of 5 million. There was a drop of 2 million. There was a trend of a gradual decrease.

11. Past simple forms a. Increase regular / irregular b. Fall regular / irregular c. Climb regular / irregular d. Grow regular / irregular e. Remain regular / irregular f. rise regular / irregular

12. Past tense forms of “ be ” a. In 1980, the population____around 126 million birds. b. In 1990, emissions____ around 6,000 million tons of carbon. c. These figures_____recorded in Europe. d. The number of people_____ more than last year.

13. e. In 1850, the environment ____ less polluted. f. In the past, cars_____ more polluting. g. In 1970, the hole in the ozone layer____ much smaller.

14. Model 2 The graph shows carbon dioxide emissions, measured in millions of tons of carbon, for the years 1990 to 2004 in two-yearly intervals. Overall, the graph shows the quantity of emissions increased steadily over the fifteen years. In 1990, emissions were around 6,000 million tons of carbon. They increased slightly in 1992 to about 6,200 million tons, and then dropped back to the previous level in 1994.

15. They climbed sharply for two years to approximately 6,500 million tons in 1996. They remained stable for two years, and then rose steadily over the next four years to nearly 7,000 million tons in 2002. They then rose sharply over the following two years to a peak of 7,700 million tons in 2004.