1. President Jimmy Carter By: Krista McNulty and Nicole Rodriguez

2. Key Terms US Energy Crisis “Malaise” Deregulation Inflation

3. Background His full name is James Earl Carter, Jr. [1] Born October 1, 1924 [1] Served from 1971-1975 as Georgia State Governor [1] Served as president 1977-1981 [1] As governor he gained support by emphasizing ecology, he had a efficient government and removed racial barriers. [1]

4. US Energy Crisis The Nixon Administration, during 1973, reduced the amounts of oil available to the world market. [2] The US was too dependent on foreign suppliers. This created the 1973 Oil Crisis causing oil prices to rise sharply. [2] US oil imports had shot up 65% since 1973 [3] Price control caused shortages and long lines at gas stations [2] According to Carter, it was "a clear and present danger to our nation" and "the moral equivalent of war” [2] war

5. US energy crisis 1976 the US was consuming 1/4 of all OPEC production [3] OPEC increased oil prices from $13/barrel to over $34/barrel Carter passed the Emergency Natural Gas Act of 1977 which allowed the government to ration natural gas. Created the Department of Energy to regulate energy suppliers and fund research for new sources of energy including solar and wind power. [5]

6. US energy crisis Inflation and interest rates rose The economy declined, less jobs were available, and consumer confidence declined. Doubling of OPEC oil price from 7.7% in 1978 to 13.5% in 1980 Delivered the “Malaise” Speech on April 18, 1977 declaring that 75% of US energy is running out and places the main blame on the people. He claimed it was a “moral and spiritual crisis” and blamed fellow citizens for being too concerned with “material goods” [4]

7. Environment Dubbed as the 'environmentally conscious' president. June 20, 1979 Carter installed 32 Solar panels on the roof of the White House hoping to promote the use of solar energy. December 2, 1980: The Alaska National Interest Conservation Act Created 103 million acres of national park land December 11, 1980, he enacted the "Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980” (CERCLA) This program was designed to clean up sites infected with hazardous waste in order to protect the environment.

8. Deregulation Oil and Natural Gas Deregulated prices resulting in vast increase in supply 1980’s, lowering the prices. American beer industry 1979: legal to sell ingredients to home brewers Airline Deregulation Act October 24, 1978 removed government control over fares, rates and the entry of new airline companies

9. Economy Inflation rate was far above 13% by 1979 Carter said that the American tax system was a “disgrace to the human race” and made an $18 billion tax cut in 1978 [4] Inflation was tied to the Oil Crisis

10. Summary Viewed by many as a failure president He had policies of peacekeeping and humanitarianism Created the Department of Education and Department of Energy Appointed record numbers of women, blacks and hispanics to government jobs Achieved much more outside of presidency, including his Nobel Peace Prize in 2002. Increased 8 million jobs, decreased budget deficit Inflation and interest rates at near record highs

11. Bibliography [1] "Jimmy Carter." 10 Mar. 2012. Web. 18 Mar. 2012..http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_carter#Presidency [2] "Presidency of Jimmy Carter." Wikipedia. 21 Mar. 2012. Web. 18 Mar. 2012..http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Jimmy_Carter [3] “Jimmy Carter” Web. 18 Mar. 2012. http://www.whitehouse.gov/about/presidents.jimmycarter [4] Bailey, Thomas Andrew, and David M. Kennedy. The American Pageant. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. Print. [5] http://www.google.com/imgres?q=OPEC+1970&um=1&hl=en&client=safari&sa=N&rls=en&biw=1143&bih =466&tbm=isch&tbnid=dtByWp0xiywTlM:&imgrefurl=http://www.retro-housewife.com/life-in-the- 1970s.html&docid=GGj-KwIbNqjT8M&imgurl=http://www.retro- housewife.com/images/newspapers/1970/1976-bar-chart-opec-oil-prices.jpg&w=183&h=277&ei=S69qT- fPMsGTiQKmotGuBQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=250&sig=107492280448795637128&page=1&tbnh=124&tb nw=82&start=0&ndsp=11&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0&tx=53&ty=54