1. International Trade Policy: Tariff and Non-tariff Barriers

2. Plan
Essence of NTBs
Types of NTBs

3. Non-tariff barriers to trade include
import quotas, special licenses,
unreasonable standards for the quality of goods,
bureaucratic delays at customs,
export restrictions,
limiting the activities of state trading,
export subsidies,
countervailing duties,
technical barriers to trade,
sanitary and phyto-sanitary measures,
rules of origin, etc.

4. Definition of Non-Tariff Barriers (NTBs)
Non-tariff barriers (NTBs) are trade barriers that restrict imports but are not in the usual form of a tariff.

5. Nontariff barriers are another way for an economy to control the amount of trade that it conducts with another economy, either for selfish or altruistic purposes.
Any barrier to trade will create an economic loss, as it does not allow markets to function properly.
The lost revenues resulting from the barrier to trade can be called an economic loss.

6. Their use has risen sharply after the WTO rules led to a very significant reduction in tariff use. Some non-tariff trade barriers are expressly permitted in very limited circumstances, when they are deemed necessary to protect health, safety, sanitation, or depletable natural resources.
In other forms, they are criticized as a means to evade free trade rules such as those of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the European Union (EU), or North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that restrict the use of tariffs.

7. NTBs have proven much less amenable to reduction through international regulations - in fact two of industry groups historically most affected by NTBs, agriculture and textiles, have been excluded from the negotiation process

8. Their use has risen sharply after the WTO rules led to a very significant reduction in tariff use. Some non-tariff trade barriers are expressly permitted in very limited circumstances, when they are deemed necessary to protect health, safety, sanitation, or depletable natural resources.
In other forms, they are criticized as a means to evade free trade rules such as those of the World Trade Organization (WTO), the European Union (EU), or North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) that restrict the use of tariffs.

9. Import quota
The import quota is a direct quantitative restriction on the number of units of a good that can be imported during specified time period

10. There are two most common policy goals of quotas:
To protect a domestic industry from foreign competition
To cut imports in order to reduce a balance of trade

11. Export quota
The export quota is a direct quantitative restriction on the number of units of a good that can be exported during specified time period

12. What is the difference between Tariff Barriers and non Tariff Barriers
The purpose of both tariff and non tariff barriers is same that is to impose restriction on import but they differ in approach and manner.
Tariff barriers ensure revenue for a government but non tariff barriers do not bring any revenue. Import Licenses and Import quotas are some of the non tariff barriers.
Non tariff barriers are country specific and often based upon flimsy grounds that can serve to sour relations between countries whereas tariff barriers are more transparent in nature.
Non-tariff barriers can be urgently introduced whereas introducing tariff barriers takes quite a long time

13. Six Types of Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade
Specific Limitations on Trade:
Import Licensing requirements
Proportion restrictions of foreign to domestic goods (local content requirements)
Minimum import price limits
Embargoes

14. 2. Customs and Administrative Entry Procedures:
Valuation systems
Anti-dumping practices
Tariff classifications
Documentation requirements
Fees

15. 3. Standards: Standard disparities
Intergovernmental acceptances of testing methods and standards
Packaging, labeling, and marking

16. 4. Government Participation in Trade:
Government procurement policies
Export subsidies
Countervailing duties
Domestic assistance programs

17. 5. Charges on imports: Prior import deposit subsidies
Administrative fees
Special supplementary duties
Import credit discrimination
Variable levies
Border taxes

18. 6.Others:
Voluntary export restraints
Orderly marketing agreements