1. Workshop Implementation of the Landfill Directive Full implementation of the Landfill Directive, the example of Germany Dr. Eva-Maria Krüger REMONDIS International

2. REMONDIS International > Dr. Eva-Maria Krüger 2 The German waste system 82 Mio. inhabitants 50,6 Mio. t of waste coming from households and commercial plants very differenciated collection system very strict regulations high level of acceptance all over the population

3. REMONDIS International > Dr. Eva-Maria Krüger 3 The collection system

4. REMONDIS International > Dr. Eva-Maria Krüger 4 Treatment of waste – not separated

5. REMONDIS International > Dr. Eva-Maria Krüger 5 German Landfill Directive All kinds of waste must be treated before landfilling. All kinds of useful secondary raw materials must be recycled. Organic material must be lower than 5% to go to a landfill. The landfill must be constructed in a very special way. Strict observations by authorities to protect the environment.

6. REMONDIS International > Dr. Eva-Maria Krüger 6 Construction of a German landfill Trees, bushes --------------------------------------- Soils > 1 m --------------------------------------- Water protection system --------------------------------------- Soils --------------------------------------- HDPE-layer --------------------------------------- Clays 50 cm; Kf = 10 -9 --------------------------------------- Gas collection layer --------------------------------------- Soils --------------------------------------- Waste X m --------------------------------------- Pebbles-draining layer --------------------------------------- Protection layer – Geotextile --------------------------------------- HDPE – 2-5 cm --------------------------------------- Geotextile (protection layer) --------------------------------------- 30 cm clay Kf = 10 -9 m/sec --------------------------------------- 30 cm clay Kf = 10 -9 m/sec --------------------------------------- 30 cm clay Kf = 10 -9 m/sec --------------------------------------- Geological basic Covering Basic

7. REMONDIS International > Dr. Eva-Maria Krüger 7 Controlling and treatments The basic layer is controlled in every part of construction. During operation the basic layer is observed. The sewage-water is collected and purified in special waste-water plants. The produced methane and other gases are combusted to produce energy. The waste is covered every day to prevent emissions. After finalising the landfill is modulated and covered with a special layer. The aftercare lasts 30 years at minimum to avoid all kinds of damages.

8. REMONDIS International > Dr. Eva-Maria Krüger 8 Reality and effects After 1.6.2005 all old landfills are closed. Landfills in work must follow the landfill directive Separation is improved. Enlargement in the capacities of MBT's and incineration plants Increasing of the treatment cost Extremely decreasing of waste-transport from other countries to Germany.