1. Environment Engineering I
An- Najah National University
Civil Engineering Department
Environment Engineering I
Chapter Twelve- section 2
Solid Waste Management
Dr. Amal Hudhud
Dr. Abdel Fattah Hasan

2. Method of Disposal

3. Combustion (1)
To reduce waste volume, local governments or private operators can implement a controlled burning process called combustion or incineration
Burning waste at extremely high temperatures also destroys chemical compounds and disease-causing bacteria.

4. Sanitary landfill (2)
Before 1979 MSW disposal to open dump which result in bad impact to Environment and human health
After 1978 open dumping of waste was banned and replaced by sanitary landfill

5. sanitary landfill
Land disposal site employing an engineered method of disposing of SW on a land in a manner that minimizing environmental hazards by spreading solid waste to the smallest practical volume, applying and compacting cover material at the end of each day

6. sanitary landfill Site selection
Restricted location such as wetland flood plain, seismic impact areas
Public opposition
Proximity to roadways and bridge
Location of GW table
Soil condition and topography
Availability of cover material

7. Sanitary landfill Operation
Area method the most common method in operation SLF it uses three step: spreading the waste, compacting and covering with soil
The waste is spread in m layer and compacted

8. Sanitary landfill

9. Sanitary landfill
Depths of Cover

11. Sanitary landfill Environmental consideration
Good compaction of waste, and daily covering with good covers are a must to control flies, rodents and fires

12. Sanitary landfill Leachate
Liquid that passes through the landfill, extract dissolved and suspended matter from waste material
Liquid contains: decomposition of waste, rainfall, surface drainage and Groundwater

13. Sanitary landfill

14. Sanitary landfill
Quantity of leachate

15. Sanitary landfill
When the landfill reach its field capacity (the quantity of water held against gravity) leachate begin to flow
Amount of leachate is determined by Darcy law

17. Sanitary landfill
Control of leachate: landfill must be lined in a specific manner to meet maximum contaminate level for G.W
Specific liner include synthetics membrane 0.76 mm thick (HDPE, PVC….)

18. Sanitary landfill

19. Sanitary landfill Leachate treatment
New landfill high concentration of Ammonia, organic chemical
Old landfill high concentration of salts
Treatment options: 1) directly to WWTP
2) pretreatment on site (flocculation-
sedimentation –filtration)
3) treatment on site Activated sludge
and Reverse Osmosis (RO)

20. Sanitary landfill
Methane and other gases production: Emitted from a landfill as a result of microbial decomposition (CO2 and CH4)

25. Sanitary landfill Leachate monitoring Groundwater monitoring
Surface water monitoring
To provide data that leachate is not infiltrating into groundwater to identify risk associated with improved operation of the landfill

26. Sanitary landfill Landfill Design
Site Preparation, building, monitoring wells, size, liners, leachate collection system, final cover, gas collection.
Where = volume of landfill (in m3)
P = population
E = ratio of cover (soil) to compacted fill =
= volume of solid waste ( in m3)
= volume of cover ( in m3)
C = average mass of solid waste collected per capita ( in Kg. person -1)
Dc= density of compacted fill (in Kg. m-3)

28. Sanitary landfill Landfill closure
Final cover to be applied in order to prevent moisture from entering the closed landfill

29. Sanitary landfill
issues that need to be considered in developing a landfill closure plan
Landfill will be threaten for ever (heavy metals and salts)
Liners integrity issues
Leachate collection system
Landfill cover
GW monitoring
Gas emission