1. Air Products Biogas and Hydrogen London Boroughs Seminar Roland Birley MEng AIMechE

2. 2 Contents Waste issues in London What is Biogas? How can waste give us fuel? The process and how AP makes it happen

3. Why Waste?

4. 4 Legislation –Landfill EU directive 2025 35% target! LATS –Carbon –Renewables Fuel / Power economies –Gas –Automotive fuel duty –Electricity £€$

5. 5 What is biogas? Agriculture / Livestock Kitchen waste Wastewater Compost Landfill gas 60% Methane (“Natural gas”) CO2 Other stuff Anaerobic digestion

6. 6 Why Air Products ? Dirty Gas Valuable Fuel Gas separation experience R&D, IP Prism ®, Gemini ® Other technologies World’s Broadest Portfolio of Adsorption Products

7. 7 Adsorption ? Dirty Gas Valuable Fuel 1000Nm 3 /hr H2 75Nm 3 /hr H2 Prism ®

8. 8 Early Prism® Plants Developed in the 1980s US energy crisis  heavy subsidies Crisis ended  AP sold business AP Kept technology rights Clean, high BTU gas High reliability Low maintenance Palos Verdes Gemini

9. 9 KnowH 2 ow Demonstrated CaFCP, Washington Las Vegas Berlin H2 fuelling Toulouse, France Singapore, India Berlin Las Vegas Singapore

10. Waste and Energy Solutions

11. 11 Option 1: Waste to vehicle fuel CO2 neutral No fuel tax CC exempt Approx 60% MSW is organic London leads clean transport London’s green waste Digester (or other) Compost Biogas Transport H2 / NG Air Products

12. 12 Option 1: Waste to vehicle fuel London’s green waste Digester (or gasifier) Compost Biogas Transport Air Products London’s sewage Local landfills 2M tonnes is 200k Nm³ annual methane prod’n or 000’s vehicles filled per day All carbon-neutral

13. 13 Municipal waste (organic) = 28MM tonnes/year Heating value = 10,000 GWh Sorted local organic waste Local energy Fuel cell development Option 2: Waste to Energy UK FC Residual MSW could provide 20% of total UK energy consumption in 2020. - Institute of Civil Engineers, Renewable Power Assoc. 2005

14. 14 Waste to Natural Gas Vehicle Sorted kitchen waste = 40k tonnes/year = 4M Nm 3 /yr biogas + Wastewater biogas ~ 9M Nm 3 /yr + Air Products gas cleanup plant (1500 Nm 3 /hr) + NGV Fuelling station + Small fleet converted to gas Assume: Free organic waste & collection; 3 year payback ~ 0.5 €/l Diesel equivalent possible Example: London Borough X

15. 15 Waste to Energy Options Green Waste AD AP Prism ® NG fueller NGV NG Grid Power Station SO/MC FC Reform r & PSA H2 FC AP H2 fueller H2V AD – Anaerobic Digestion Prism ® - Cleanup equipment SO – Solid Oxide MC – Molten Carbonate FC – Fuel Cell PSA – H2 purifier NGV – Natural Gas Vehicle H2V – Hydrogen vehicle Air Products technology

16. 16 Air Products Capabilities Green Waste ADNGV NG Grid Power Station SO/MC FC H2 FC H2V Safety KnowH 2 ow Experience Integration

17. 17 Summary Waste problem energy solution London has –Biogas sources –Applications Run cars Power homes Produce carbon-neutral Hydrogen! Biogas + AP = Clean fuel Good waste management + AP Good waste management + AP = 2 sustainability issues solved Join us. Join us.

18. Thank you

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