1. Biodegradable Municipal Waste Management in Europe Gerry Carty The Parliamentary Sustainable Waste Group and Environmental Services Association 28th January 2003 Terrace Marquee, House of Commons, Westminster

2. OBJECTIVE OF THE REPORT to provide Europe-wide information on the current status of biodegradable municipal waste management and the various options available to reduce quantities going to landfill. APPROACH information gathered and reported on: –BMW production and management in EEA member countries; –strategies and instruments used to encourage the diversion of BMW away from landfill; –options available for diverting BMW away from landfill; –market and outlet issues.

3. Biodegradable Municipal Waste (BMW) what is it? how much is generated in the European Community? what happens to it? how do different countries manage it? what are the implications of the Landfill Directive for it? what steps are needed to maximise diversion of BMW away from landfill and its subsequent recovery?

4. BMW - What is it? KITCHEN/FOOD WASTE, GARDEN WASTE, PAPER & CARDBOARD, wood, textiles, biodegradable plastics BIODEGRADABLE FRACTION OF MIXED/BAGGED WASTE + SEPARATELY COLLECTED BMW + BULKY BMW

5. Biodegradable Municipal Waste (BMW) How much is produced? MEAN PER CAPITA PRODUCTION 0.30 +/- 0.06 tonnes/annum POPULATION (EU15) 375,346,000 ESTIMATED TOTAL PRODUCTION (EU15) 113,000,000 tonnes [90,000,000 - 135,000,000 TONNES]

6. Biodegradable Municipal Waste (BMW) What happens to it?

7. Collection Practice in Countries and Regions Surveyed

8. Management of BMW in Countries and Regions Surveyed

9. BMW: What happens to it? LANDFILL

10. BMW: What happens to it? INCINERATION

11. BMW: What happens to it? COMPOSTING

12. BMW: What happens to it? MATERIAL RECYCLING

13. Separate Collection and Diversion from Landfill GENERAL FINDING COUNTRIES WITH HIGH LEVELS OF DIVERSION AWAY FROM LANDFILL HAVE HIGH RATES OF SEPARATE COLLECTION

14. LANDFILL DIRECTIVE TARGETS FOR BMW BASELINE - BMW PRODUCED IN 1995

15. LANDFILL DIRECTIVE TARGETS CURRENT QUANTITIES LANDFILLED 0 - 35% Denmark, Austria, Netherlands, Belgium (Flanders) 35 - 75% France, Finland, Norway, Germany, Italy > 75% Spain, UK, Ireland, Greece, Portugal

16. NETHERLANDS Future Scenarios

17. NETHERLANDS Treatment Routes

18. Existing Management of BMW in England and Wales

19. Future Projections

21. BELGIUM (Flemish Region) Treatment Routes

22. BELGIUM (Flemish Region) Future Scenarios

23. IRELAND Treatment Routes

24. IRELAND Future Scenarios

25. Biodegradable Municipal Waste (BMW) Maximising diversion from landfill Phase 1 - Production Phase 2 - Presentation, Collection and Transfer Phase 3 - Treatment Phase 4 - Final Destination (Disposal or Beneficial Use)

26. Typical Strategies and Instruments Used

27. NETHERLANDS Key Diversion Strategies High level of separate collection Ban on landfilling of organic wastes Landfill and incineration taxes to encourage diversion to recycling and composting Waste prevention and minimisation policies Producer responsibility initiatives for paper sector Public education

28. FLANDERS Key Diversion Strategies Ban on landfilling of certain separately collected waste streams Ban on incineration of certain separately collected waste streams Taxes on landfilling and incineration Higher collection charges for mixed waste than separately collected waste Maximising separate collection and treatment of ‘green’ waste and VFG waste Encouraging home composting Development of central composting capacity Public education

29. Conclusions To achieve the following objectives –high rates of diversion of BMW away from landfill –high rates of material recovery (material recycling, composting etc.) of BMW diverted away from landfill Actions required –an integrated package of measures from production to final destination –public education programmes –high levels of separate collection –financial instruments to encourage separate collection, discourage landfilling and encourage recovery –adequate infrastructure for treating wastes collected (eg: organic wastes and paper wastes) –adequate and reliable outlets for materials diverted from landfill and products such as compost made from these materials.