1. Pike Industries, Inc. Lakes Region Transportation Workshop 11/15/13

2. National Asphalt Pavement Association 2007 Special Report 194 “Maintaining the national infrastructure must be a high priority for this country to maintain its economic competitiveness. Reuse of materials, energy conservation, improved construction techniques, use of locally available materials, and use of viable alternative materials are strategies that may be employed to provide greater economy and improved sustainability.”

3. Global Factors Affecting Highway Construction Cost The rate of global economic growth (especially developing countries) is a major driver of energy and materials demand Volatility in crude oil prices Fuel oil demand and conversion to lighter crudes reducing asphalt supply and increasing asphalt prices European refinery closures will increasingly put demands on U.S. supply

4. Liquid Asphalt Dark brown to black, highly viscous, hydrocarbon produced from petroleum distillation residue When crude oil is separated in distillation towers at a refinery, the heaviest hydrocarbons with the highest boiling points settle at the bottom Refining advances allow petroleum industry to increase lighter fuel production from every barrel of crude

5. At the Refinery

6. U.S. Asphalt and Road Oil Stocks at Refineries (Ergon Asphalt & Emulsions, Inc.)

7. PII Liquid Cost % of TVC

8. U.S. Refining Capacity (Ergon Asphalt & Emulsions, Inc.)

9. U.S. Oil Production (bbls/yr) (Ergon Asphalt & Emulsions, Inc.)

10. Changes In World Oil Demand (Ergon Asphalt & Emulsions, Inc.)

11. Managing Pavement Cost 1993 EPA and Federal Highway Administration identify asphalt pavement as America's No. 1 recycled productAmerica's No. 1 recycled product A wide range of waste materials are now incorporated into asphalt pavements, – including ground tire rubber, glass, foundry sand, slag, pig manure – the most widely recycled are reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and recycled asphalt shingles (RAS). The use of recycled materials in asphalt pavements saves hundreds of millions of cubic yards of landfill space each year

12. Recycled Asphalt Pavement (RAP) & Recycled Asphalt Shingles (RAS) RAP and RAS displaces virgin materials (aggregates and liquid asphalt) In 2011 RAP usage reached 66.7 million tons – 7% increase from 2010 and a 19% increase from 2009 – NHDOT allows 20% RAP RAS usage increased to 1.2 million tons in 2011 – 8% increase over 2010, and a 52.5% increase from 2009. – NHDOT studying the use of RAS

13. Warm Mix Requires less energy to produce at lower temperatures In 2011, total WMA tonnage in the U.S. was estimated at about 69 million tons, – 67 % increase from 2010 – 309 % increase since 2009 2011 NHDOT reported WMA use at 30%

16. Other Cost Reduction Strategies Heating fuel to dry aggregates – Specification used oil, natural gas, well draining stockpiles to reduce moisture in aggregates Electricity for plant operations – Energy conservation, timing opening & closing dates Fuel for mobile equipment & trucking – Limit idling, bio-diesel, fleet monitoring software systems

17. Revenues USFHWA and NHDOT operating under 20 year old funding rates (motor fuel user fees) US Fleet increasing mpg + decreasing driving habits = decreasing revenues (9M gallons per year less gasoline consumed than 5 years ago)

18. NE State & Local Motor Fuel Revenue (000’s) (h ttp://www.gaspricewatch.com/imgs/popup.html?motor_fuel_rev.gif)

19. (Transportation for America)

20. MAP-21 Expires Sept 2014

23. The Effect of Increased Fuel Economy

24. The Challenge for the Road Construction Industry Lack of predictability for future maintenance and construction programs hinders reinvestment in the business Employee retention as workers seek more secure/predictable occupations Thousands of NH families rely on this industry to make a living Every NH family relies on this industry for safe and efficient transportation

25. The Challenge for NH 1.NH has 2,129 bridges and 4,300 miles of roads. 2.Average pavement lifecycle in NH is between 8-12 years. 3.Must repave 500 miles of road per year to stay even but under current revenues are paving approx 300 miles annually. 4.Each $1 spent on road maintenance eliminates spending $6-14 on roadway rebuilding. 5.83.2% of NH residents travel to work on the highways with ave commute time 25 minutes 6.Rough roads add $335/yr in vehicle repairs on average 7.Modest improvements in pavement smoothness could save up to 3.7 billion gallons of gasoline and 1.3 billion gallons of diesel for the U.S. annually. Smoothing America’s roads and highways could save $12.5 billion a year for the U.S. economy. (Auburn University 2011) 8.Increasing cost + decreasing revenues + political gridlock = a system in decline that will cost many times more to repair in the future