1. INTERNATIONAL UNIDO WORKSHOP ON ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY AND SUSTAINABLE TEXTILE PRODUCTION Çağlar SİVRİ, M.Sc. Specialist October, 2011 Bursa-TÜRKİYE

2. OUTLINE OUTLOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TEXTILE PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD REACH LEGISLATION LANDFILL FACTOR THE OVERALL SITUATION OF TURKEY IN SUSTAINABLE AND CLEAN PRODUCTION: PROBLEMS, NEEDS AND FUTURE APPLICATION TRENDS STUDIES ON ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TEXTILE PRODUCTION CARRIED OUT AT THE SULEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY

3. OUTLOOK FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TEXTILE PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD Texile Wastes in Singapore, 2011 [1]Textile Wastes in NYC, 2011 [2]

4. The expansion of textile production and consumption has contributed to increasing pollution, water shortages, fossil fuel and raw material depletion, and climate change. Production of polyester fibre, the most widely used man-made fibre, consumes non-renewable resources and high energy levels, and generates atmospheric emissions. Textile finishing consumes large amounts of water and energy and often produces harmful effluent.

5. Apparel production is more environmentally friendly, but sourcing from low cost countries consumes more fuel for transportation. Among consumers, the trend towards fast fashion and cheaper clothing has led to a throw-away mentality [3].

6. The average pair of jeans uses 42 liters of water in the finishing process. With Water<Less, Levi’s reduced that the amount of water by an average of 28%. And in some products, Levi’s cut it by 96% They used to add stones to washing machines that were full of water to achieve a certain finish. Now, with the Water<Less process, they add stones to the washing machine without the water. Number of wet-washing cycles has been cut by combining steps [4].

7. REACH LEGISLATION REACH is a European Union regulation concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals. It came into force on 1st June 2007 and replaced a number of European Directives and Regulations with a single system. To make the people who place chemicals on the market (manufacturers and importers) responsible for understanding and managing the risks associated with their use for an environmentally friendly awareness.

8. LANDFILL FACTOR The UK based Recycling Association, estimates that up to 95% of the textiles that are landfilled each year could be recycled. Disturbingly, 25% is unusable and sent to landfill [5]. A landfill site is a site for the disposal of waste materials by burial and is the oldest form of waste treatment.

9. Renewable water potential is approx. 234 km 3 in Turkey. There are large scale companies such as Zorlu, Sanko, Aksa that are able to produce their own energy, some SMEs are also self sufficient [6]. Many companies from nonwovens sector consider about Reach Legislation and have a plan for solid waste management related to landfill factor especially for the ones that are Edana members. TURKEY IN SUSTAINABLE AND CLEAN PRODUCTION: PROBLEMS, NEEDS AND FUTURE APPLICATION TRENDS

10. The capacity of existing waste water treatment plants are not sufficient to meet the demand in future. New treatment plant installations, improvement of existing ones, R&D funding support from national scientific institutions and industrial organisations help waste water and solid waste treatment policy to take one step further.

11. GREEN ENVIRONMENT PURIFICATION/RECLAMATION PLANT OPERATION COOPERATIVE: Settled in Bursa. A competitive model for sustainable development and environmentally friendly policies. Implements industrial waste water treatment facilities Designed with the latest technologies and updated continously Offers laboratory analysis for the waste water Serving to textile, chemistry, machinery sector and many more other sectors.

12. Founded with partnerships between industrial, non- industrial organizations and public institutions. Forefront in its area, purification comply with EU standarts It has a great environmental awareness

13. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS AT THE SULEYMAN DEMIREL UNIVERSITY RELATED TO SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION Micro Sustainable Design – Eco-Friendly products- An EU Funded Framework Project A Project on Functional Nanofibers with Live Yeast Cells for Bioremedation of Textile Wastes Treatment Introduction of Biomimetic Fiber Engineering to the Nonwovens Sector-TUBITAK Funded Project

14. MICRO SUSTAINABLE DESIGN – ECO- FRIENDLY PRODUCTS-AN EU FUNDED IP FRAMEWORK PROJECT Partner countries: Lithuania, Sweden, Turkey, Latvia, Portugal, Denmark The SDU Representative : Lecturer S.Tulga Telli, Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Department Of Textile Engineering. Period : 3 years Teaching staff and students will visit local SMEs in order to get practical information on studied topic/s. In this way, we hope to increase the future cooperation between HEIs and involved SMEs.

15. Functional nanofibers with Live Yeast Cells Yeast cells http://www.sciencenews.net.au/images/yeast-cells-for-wine.jpg Walker, G., M., Yeast Physiology and Biotechnology, John Wiley & Sons Ltd., England, 1998, p. 266 M. Fatih CANBOLAT, PhD NCSU & SDU

16. TUBITAK FUNDED PROJECT INTRODUCTION OF BIOMIMETIC FIBER ENGINEERING TO THE NONWOVENS SECTOR-TUBITAK FUNDED PROJECT Çağlar SİVRİ, Güray YARAR and Mehmet DAYIK Partnerships between institutions provides a promising research infra- structure for the biomimetic fiber research

17. Development of Sustainable and Eco-Friendly Textile Products inspired by Nature Dissemination of self cleaning&superhydrophobic surfaces throughout the nonwovens and technical textiles industry Replacing non-degradable superabsorbents by bio- degradable superabsorbents for nonwoven products. Development of long life textile products mimicking nature INTRODUCTION OF BIOMIMETIC FIBER ENGINEERING TO THE NONWOVENS SECTOR Çağlar SİVRİ, Güray YARAR and Mehmet DAYIK

18. Nano Bumpers Behaviour of a Droplet on a Superhydrophobic Surface Self-Cleaning SELF CLEANING & SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES Çağlar SİVRİ, Güray YARAR and Mehmet DAYIK

19. The Products of the Future will be Produced as Inspired by the Nature [7] Çağlar SİVRİ, Güray YARAR and Mehmet DAYIK

20. References 1.http://www.unep.or.jp/ietc/publications/spc/state_of_waste_management/ 2.asp 2. Textile Wastes Project. EU Youth Projects, 2008. 3. Green Textiles and Apparel: Environmental Impact and Strategies for Improvement. Textiles Outlook International, Issue 132, December 2007. 4. http://www.levistrauss.com/blogs/new-jeans-incredible-finishes-less- water 5. Caulfield, K., 2009. Discussion paper: Sources of Textile Waste in Australia. 6. Yılmaz, İ., 2011. The Importance of Water and its Efficient Use. Bursa, Turkey. 7. Sivri, Ç., 2010. Application of Biomimetic Fiber Engineering to the Technical Textiles

21. Thank you for your attention…