1. Simulation de l'atmosphère sur GPU

2. Earth simulator (Japon) 5120 procs * 7 Gflops = 36TFlops IDRIS (France) 80 procs * 16 Gflops = 1,3 TFlops

3. Modèle simplifié en couches

4. Tsunami Tourbillons océaniques Formation des tempêtes

5. Megaflops Gigaflops Teraflops X Earthsimulator Contrairement à certaines prévisions, il n’y a pas eu de réel ralentissement des progrès dans l’efficacité du calcul numérique. Des machines “Petaflops” sont en cours de gestation.

7. L’atmosphère et l’océan: deux fluides stratifiés

8. Earth System Model Physics Carbon Cycle Chemistry Atmospheric Circulatioèn Circulation Océanique Glace de mer Biogéochimieet biologie marine Carbon DMS Nutriments Chemistry Gases & Aérosols CO2 Continental surface sols et végétation LMD Z OrchidéeLMD ZT ORCALIM INCA STOMATE PISCES é Biochemistry Carbon CH 4, COV, Aérosols Aé Sels marins ContinentsAtmosphereOceans

9. Standard Running Environment : Ocean model 1- Rainfall + int. energy 2- Snowfall + int. energy 3- Incoming solar radiat. 4- Solar zenith angle 5- Fraction of diffuse solar radiation 6- Downward infrared radiation 7- Sensitivity of atmos temp. & humidity to surf. fluxes 1*- Sensible heat flux 2*- Surf. emissivity 3*- Albedo, direct 4*- Albedo, diffuse 5*- Surf. radiative temp. 6*- Evaporation + int. energy [+ Q lat ] 7*- Wind stress 8- Subgrid fractions 1- Surface pressure 2-4 Air temperature, humidity and wind 5- Wind module 6- Height of these 4 variables 1*-  C d 2*-  C e 3*-  C h 1 x - Non solar heat flux 2 x - Solar radiation 3 x - Fresh water flux 4 x - Salt flux 5 x - Wind stress 6 x - U^3 7 x - Mass of snow and ice 8- Subgrid fractions 1*- Surf. Temp 2*- Surf. Roughness 3*- Displacement height 4 x - Surface velocity 1- Continental runoff + internal Energy 1-2 Temp./Salinity at sea-ice base 3- Sea surface temperature 4- Surf. radiative temp. 5- Surface ocean current 6- Sea surface salinity 7- Surface height 8- Absorbed solar radiation (in first oceanic layer) Iceberg parameters PRISM Project Feb. 2003 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Ocean surface module Surface layer turbulence Sea ice model wave model +3 4 1 2 Atmosphere model Land surface model Note on subgrid fraction dependance: <> x - Sea Ice categories (incl. open ocean) <>*- Sea Ice or Land Surf. categories A proposal for standard physical interfaces

12. The Earth System: Coupling the Physical, Biogeochemical and Human Components