1. Thermomechanical Analysis Duncan Price IPTME, Loughborough University © Copyright: D.M.Price@lboro.ac.uk (2006)

2. introduction Volume is a fundamental thermodynamic quantity. Thermal expansivity (  ) is a useful engineering quantity:  = (dL/dt)/L o Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA) is the study of the relationships between a sample’s length (volume) and its temperature.

3. instrumentation

4. TMA probe types

5. TMA temperature calibration

6. thermal expansion of aluminium

7. printed circuit board

8. effect of load on TMA measurements

9. effect of cross linking on TMA penetration

10. effect of plasticisers

11. relationship between hardness and indentation

12. isothermal creep measurements

13. measurement of liquids

14. effect of chemical structure

15. effect of thermal history

16. effect of orientation

17. sample controlled thermodilatometry

18. dynamic load TMA

19. summary Intrinsic PropertiesProcess PropertiesProduct Classifications Tg,  & probe displacementcure & crosslinkingcarbonaceous materials polymerisationceramics viscoelastic propertiessolvent effectscoatings  Young’s modulusfoamingconstruction materials  creepphase behaviourcomposites  stress relaxationflow modellingdental waxes  tensile propertiescrystallisationelastomers  viscositydrawing effectsmetals polymers & copolymersviscositypharmaceuticals polymer blendsmold stabilitytextiles polymer morphologyplastics

20. recommended reading M. Reading and P.J. Haines; “Thermomechanical, dynamic mechanical and associated methods” in; P. J. Haines; “Thermal methods of analysis: Principles, Applications and Problems” Blackie, London (1995) pp.123-160. A. T. Riga and C. M. Neag (Editors); “Materials Characterization by Thermomechanical Analysis”, ASTM STP 1136, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia (1991). D. M. Price, “Thermomechanical and Thermoelectrical Methods”, in P.J. Haines (ed.) Principles of Thermal Analysis & Calorimetry, ch. 4, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (2002) pp. 94-128.