2. WEATHERING & EROSION Chapter 4 Test 3 material Begin

3. ASSIGNMENT l WRITE A 1-2 PAGE REPORT ON HOW KARST TOPOGRAPHY HAS INFLUENCED LANDFORMS IN THE MIDWEST l 10 POINTS – DUE IN 1 WEEK

4. WEATHERING l PROCESSES BY WHICH ROCKS ARE CHEMICALLY ALTERED OR PHYSICALLY BROKEN INTO FRAGMENTS AS A RESULT OF EXPOSURE TO THE ELEMENTS

5. MECHANICAL WEATHERING l ROCK IS BROKEN INTO SMALLER AND SMALLER PIECES EACH RETAINING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ORIGINAL MATERIAL l FROST WEDGING-FREEZE/THAW l UNLOADING - SHEETING l BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

6. spheroidal

7. CHEMICAL WEATHERING l COMPLEX PROCESSES THAT ALTER THE INTERNAL STRUCTURES OF MINERALS BY REMOVING AND/OR ADDING ELEMENTS l WATER AND CARBONIC ACID - OXIDATION

9. EROSION l THE PROCESSES THAT LOOSEN SEDIMENT AND MOVE IT FROM ONE PLACE TO ANOTHER

10. CYCLE OF EROSION WILLIAM MORRIS DAVIS l YOUTH l MATURITY l OLD AGE l REJUVENATION

11. FACTORS OF WEATHERING AND EROSION l CLIMATE l THE TYPE OF ROCK l THE AMOUNT OF VEGETATION

12. DIFFERENTIAL WEATHERING/EROSION l DIFFERENT ROCKS WEATHER & ERODE AT DIFFERENT RATES ERODE

13. LANDFORM FEATURES l PLATEAUS ERODE TO MESAS l MESAS ERODE TO BUTTES

14. buttes

15. DIFFERENTIAL WEATHERING/EROSION l LIMESTONE BEST ILLUSTRATES THIS l IN DRY CLIMATES LIMESTONE PRODUCES MOUNTAINS l IN WET CLIMATES WITH ACIDIC WATER QUALITY IT PRODUCES FEATURES OF KARST TOPOGRAPHY

16. KARST TOPOGRAPHY FEATURES l SINKHOLES/DOLINES l STALACTITES l STALAGMITES l COLUMNS l FOUND IN ILLINOIS, MISSOURI, KENTUCKY, FLORIDA, INDIANA, YUGOSLAVIA

17. KARST

18. SINKHOLE

20. VIRTUAL CAVE l http://www.goodearthgraphics.c om/virtcave/virtmap.html http://www.goodearthgraphics.c om/virtcave/virtmap.html

21. GRADATION l WEARS DOWN AREAS OF GREAT RELIEF AND BUILDS UP AREAS OF LOW RELIEF l CHIEF PHYSICAL AGENT OF GRADATION IS WATER l TIME ALLOWS GRADATIONAL PROCESSES TO WORK

22. EQUILIBRIUM l PERFECT BALANCE IN NATURE l THRESHOLD l RESPONSE TIME l RELAXATION TIME

23. ANGLE OF REPOSE l MAXIMUM ANGLE MATERIAL STAYS STABLE BEFORE MOVING DOWNSLOPE l FOR UNCONSOLIDATED MATERIAL THIS IS BETWEEN 25 TO 40 DEGREES

24. Angle of repose

25. MASS WASTING l DOWNSLOPE MOVEMENT OF ROCK AND SOIL UNDER THE DIRECT INFLUENCE OF GRAVITY l GRAVITY IS THE CONTROLLING FORCE OF MASS WASTING

26. CLASSES OF MASS MOVEMENTS l FALL l SLIDE l FLOW l CREEP - MATERIAL MOVED BY CREEP ACTION IS REFERRED TO AS COLLUVIUM

27. FALL

28. Rock fall

29. slide

30. flow

31. creep

32. SLUMP l DOWNWARD SLIPPING OF A MASS OF ROCK OR MATERIAL MOVING AS A UNIT ALONG A CURVED SURFACE

33. slump

34. WHY SLUMP OCCURS l OVERSTEEPENED - MATERIAL REMOVED FROM BOTTOM OF SLOPE l OVERLOADING - LESS RESISTANT MATERIAL IN UNDERLYING LAYERS