1. Problems with Erosion

2. MASS WASTING Landslides Mudslides/Mudflows Rockslides Creep Slump
SINKHOLES COASTAL EROSION

3. Mass Wasting/Mass Movement The process by which soil and rock move down-slope.

4. Erosion;
the process by which natural forces move weathered rock & soil from one place to another.
Gravity

5. The material moved by erosion is called SEDIMENT.
This may include pieces of rock or soil.

6. Mass movement happens when gravity moves sediment downhill
Mass movement happens when gravity moves sediment downhill. Mass movement can be rapid or slow and is caused by gravity.

7. Landslides are the most destructive of the four types of mass movement
Landslides are the most destructive of the four types of mass movement. Landslides happen when rock & soil slides quickly down steep slopes.

8. This is a picture of a landslide. A type of mass wasting.

9. Landslide- Brazil

10. Landslide- Washington

11. Landslide - Brazil

12. Landslide - Dominica

13. Mudflows are very dangerous
Mudflows are very dangerous. Mudflows occur when water (as much as 60% of the flow), rock & soil moves rapidly downhill

14. Mudflow– Washington

15. Mudflow- Mexico

16. Mudflow - Seattle

17. Rockslide
Rockslides are caused when rocks become loose and are pulled down by gravity. Rocks may become loose by the agents of erosion such as wind and water.

18. Rockslide- Brazil

19. Rockslide- Yosemite

20. Rockslide, Yosemite, California

21. Creep is very slow movement.
Creep is often barely noticeable, you may eventually see the effects of the slow movement in telephone poles, fence posts & trees leaning at odd angles

22. Creep- California

23. Creep

24. Creep

25. Creep

26. This is a diagram of creep
This is a diagram of creep. The hillside slowly slips over many years from water and gravity.

27. Slump occurs when one huge mass falls together.
Occurs when a mass of rock & soil suddenly slip down a slope in one huge mass
Slump happened when water soaks the bottom of soil rich in clay

28. In this picture the land has slumped
into the road below.

31. Avalanche
An avalanche is the same as a landslide but it is made of snow and ice.

32. This is a picture of an avalanche
This is a picture of an avalanche. It is similar to a landslide with ice and snow instead of rock.

36. Erosion
Other problems associated with erosion; Sink holes Coastal Erosion

37. Cave Formation
United Streaming Clip

38. Cave formation

39. Cave Features- Deposition
United Streaming - Deposition

40. Some unusual formations
Deposition

41. As the slightly acidic rain water passes through rock, it dissolves away calcite and enlarges cave passages.
Cave formations grow as the calcite is deposited.

42. Stalactites

44. Stalagmites

45. Stalagmites and stalactitesin Lechuguilla Cave, New Mexico, USA

46. gypsum stalactites

47. Witch’s Finger in Carlsbad Caverns

49. Bottlebrushes form when Stalagtites are in water for extended lengths of time.

50. Columns

52. Shields

53. Helictites

55. Rimstone Pools

57. Gypsum Flower

59. Selenite Needles

61. Cave Pearls

63. Popcorn

65. Fine Straw Formations

66. Potato Chip Formation

67. Water slowly seeps into limestone and drips

68. Flowstone indicates a steady source of water over a long time period.

69. Sinkholes
Forms when limestone dissolves and the roof or top of the cave collapses.

70. Sink Hole- Guatemala

71. Sink Hole

73. Sink Hole

74. Sink Hole – Western KY

76. Sinkhole Guatemala

78. More sinkholes -8

79. Coastal Erosion- California

80. Coastal Erosion- Alabama