1. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Gonzalo R. Rada, Ph.D., P.E. Fugro Consultants, Inc. Pablo E. Bolzan Consultant, SIP Pablo E. Luchetti. Siproma Argentina, S.A Framework for HMA Airfield Pavement Performance-Based Specifications

2. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Major Investment & Infrastructure Component Aircraft take-offs and landings Aircraft movements to/from runways to terminal areas

3. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 What is a Pavement? Engineering structure constructed on subgrade soil that is intended to carry loads from one point to another in as smooth and safe a manner a possible –Structural requirement: carry loads –Comfort requirement: smoothness –Safety requirement: good traction and FOD potential

4. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Pavement Design & Build Process Pavement Design –FAA nomographs (empirical) –FAARFIELD software (mechanistic-empirical) Detailed Drawings and Construction Specifications Construction and QC/QA As-designed vs. As-Constructed

5. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Construction Specifications Intended to control pavement construction to facilitate production & placement of materials meeting minimum level of performance Most require measure of material characteristics at time of construction believed to influence pavement performance Performance-based require that predicted performance characteristics like pavement distress or roughness meet certain acceptance criteria

6. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 PBS Basic Concept

7. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Key PBS Elements Aircraft Operational Performance Characteristics (OPCs) –Measurements of pavement performance from user perspective Pavement Performance Characteristics (PPCs) Acceptance Quality Characteristics (AQCs)

8. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Example: Braking Capability OPC Ability of aircraft to safely reduce speed & come to complete stop Pavement factors affecting OPC: –Pavement surface texture (friction) Micro-texture – friction at low speeds Macro-texture – friction at high speeds –Drainage (hydroplaning) Ability of water to flow away from pavement surface

9. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Summary of Interviews Contact Type Number Contacted Number Responding Aircraft Manufacturer 42 Airport Operators (Small Airports) 104 Airport Operators (Large Airports) 104 Military Airport Operators 51 Consultants 158 Government Agents 117 Contractors 20 Totals:5726

10. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 No. of Interviews Identifying OPCs OPCsRunwayTaxiwaysAprons Braking – Surface Friction 1974 Braking – Hydroplaning1562 Dynamic Effects – Aircraft Damage 1662 Dynamic Effects – Pilot Control 1662 Dynamic Effects – Passenger Comfort 383 Load Carrying Capability – Dynamic 111 Load Carrying Capability – Static 008 Directional Control583 FOD Potential13128 Traffic Disruptions522 Appearance011

11. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Final OPC Priorities Aircraft Operation Performance Characteristics All Aircraft/Airports RunwayTaxiwayApron Directional Control Foreign Object Damage (FOD) Potential Dynamic Effects – Pilot Control Dynamic Effects – Aircraft Damage Braking Capability – Surface Friction Braking Capability – Hydroplaning Traffic Flow Disruptions Load Carrying Capability – Static

12. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Key Elements Aircraft Operational Performance Characteristics (OPCs) Pavement Performance Characteristics (PPCs) –Performance characteristics measured during life of pavement related to OPCs Acceptance Quality Characteristics (AQCs)

13. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Examples of HMA PPCs Permanent deformation –Rutting, shoving, swelling, static indentations & roughness Cracking –Linear, block, fatigue, reflection Raveling & weathering Surface friction Jet blast erosion Oil spillage

14. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Example: PPC-OPC Relation for Braking Surface friction Bleeding Polished aggregates Hydroplaning Rutting Shoving Swelling

15. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 PPCs Affecting OPCs Aircraft Op. Performance Characteristic (OPC) Pavement Performance Characteristics (PPCs) Pavement Requirement Affected Braking Capability – Surface Friction and Hydroplaning Surface friction, rutting, shoving and swelling Safety Directional ControlSurface friction, rutting, shoving, potholes and roughness Safety Dynamic Effects – Aircraft Damage RoughnessSafety Dynamic Effects – Pilot ControlRoughnessComfort Foreign Object Damage (FOD) Potential Cracking, raveling and weathering, shoving, jet blast erosion and oil spillage Safety Static Load Carrying CapabilityStatic indentationStructural Integrity Traffic Flow DisruptionsAllStructural Integrity

16. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Key Elements Aircraft Operational Performance Characteristics (OPCs) Pavement Performance Characteristics (PPCs) Acceptance Quality Characteristics (AQCs) –Properties measured at time of construction that relate to PPCs

17. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Examples of HMA AQCs Mix design parameters –% air voids, asphalt content, compaction / density of mix Aggregate characteristics –Fractured faces, aggregate angularity, gradation Stress-strain relationships –Dynamic modulus, creep compliance, fatigue relationships

18. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Example: AQC-PPC Relation for Surface Friction

19. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Performance Prediction Models

20. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Need for Database Database Performance Predictions

21. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Summary & Conclusions PBS require that predicted performance characteristics like distress & roughness meet acceptance criteria PBS framework consists of 3 key elements: OPCs, PPCs & AQCs Challenges: performance predictive methodology, which requires DB

22. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009

23. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009

24. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009

25. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Climate Load Materials Structure Response Distress Pavement Performance Factors

26. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 New pavement opened to traffic…

27. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 …over time it deteriorates… Age or Traffic Min. Acceptable Rating Pavement Condition …until “failure” is reached and rehabilitation is needed

28. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 AAPTP Study 1.Literature review –Airports and highway pavements 2.Interviews –Airport operators, aircraft manufacturers & pavement experts 3.Identification of Aircraft OPCs 4.Identification of PPCs 5.Identification of AQCs AAPTP Project 06-03 Interim Report

29. CONINFRA 2009 - 3º TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONFERENCE São Paulo – July 29th – 31th, 2009 Interview Breakdown Type of ContactAgency Type