1. Mass Movements aka Landslides Def: movement of sediment due to GRAVITY.

2. http://school.discoveryeducation.com/scho oladventures/soil/name_soil.html http://school.discoveryeducation.com/scho oladventures/soil/name_soil.html

3. Italy Landslide

4. ROCKFALL

5. Rockfall- boulders

6. ROCKSLIDE

8. I-40 North Carolina Nov. 2009 ► http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVYGJY nJTi0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVYGJY nJTi0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZVYGJY nJTi0

10. AVALANCHE ► Fast movement of snow ► Caused by a weak layer of snow underneath surface ► Usually in Spring ► http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=B0RWLxO FGLY http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=B0RWLxO FGLY http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=B0RWLxO FGLY Avalanche Danger In Colorado At 30 Year High, Says Expert; 6 Fatalities So Far This Season

15. http://www.nwac.us/media/uploads/ documents/accidents/US_avalanche_ fatalities_by_user_group_by_year_1 997-2XXX.pdf http://www.nwac.us/media/uploads/ documents/accidents/US_avalanche_ fatalities_by_user_group_by_year_1 997-2XXX.pdf

20. Mudflow/Mudslide ► Mudflow- clay mixed with water ► Usually in spring- snowmelt

21. Mudflow Oso, Washington 2014 ► https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gmghid XScw8 play first 7 minutes https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gmghid XScw8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gmghid XScw8 ► Worst landslide disaster in US history ► 48 died

22. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VMJiibd VYjE&feature=player_popoutmudslide

24. Lahar- volcanic ash and water MT ST HELENS

28. SLUMP ► Saturation of water + loss of friction causes soil below surface layer to drop downhill. ► Surface stays intact

29. Bingham Copper Mine, Utah april 12, 2013

36. slump ► https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdsxtC tX5nk&feature=player_detailpage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdsxtC tX5nk&feature=player_detailpage https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QdsxtC tX5nk&feature=player_detailpage

38. CREEP ► SLOW movement of soil ► Causes tilting of objects ► Usually soil ► Result of freeze/thaw

39. CREEP

40. Creep

41. SOLIFLUCTION ► IN ARTIC CLIMATES ► In spring when top layer melts, moves slowly over permafrost

44. ARE MASS MOVEMENTS WEATHERING OR EROSION?

45. Factors influencing Mass Movement ► 1. Amount of moisture  More adds weight and makes slippery ► 2. angle of slope ► 3. lack of vegetation  Roots hold back movement ► 4. rock type  Sedimentary worst ► 5. Roundness of particle  Rounder move faster

46. Causes of landslides ► https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrV4uC Vwmfk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrV4uC Vwmfk https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JrV4uC Vwmfk

49. 2015 Mass movements http://landslides.usgs.gov/recent/index.php?y ear=2015 http://landslides.usgs.gov/recent/index.php?y ear=2015

50. Laguna Beach 2005

51. Philippines Feb. 2006 1800 dead

52. Sleeping bear dunes 1995

53. Prevention methods ► Fences/walls  Temporary fix  Gravity will win eventually!

55. Prevention methods ► Leave enough space!

56. Prevention methods ► Leave enough space!

57. Prevention methods ► Plant vegetation ► Roots act as anchors

58. Prevention methods ► Provide good drainage- excellent way!

59. Prevention methods ► Provide good drainage