1. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 1 Goals Look at two word synchronization techniques. Look at signal integrity of LVDS transmission at receiving end of 34’ cable for 177Mbps and 139Mbps data rates. Determine if DC balancing cable is necessary. Quantify timing margins based on measured results and assumptions.

2. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 2 Word Sync Method A

3. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 3 Word Sync Method A Implementation of Word Sync Method A with DC balancing: With RCLK = 34.72Mhz, SCLK = 173.6Mhz (~174Mbps serial links)

4. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 4 Word Sync Method A Implementation of Word Sync Method A with NO DC balancing: With RCLK = 34.72Mhz, SCLK = 138.88Mhz (~139Mbps serial links)

5. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 5 Word Sync Method A Simple to Implement Receiver FPGA looks for leading ‘1’ to mark word boundaries. FPGA can check for out of sync signs: illegal column address, more or less than 24 (or 30 in DC balance case) bit long words. FPIX should transmit a sync word while data out of the core is idle. Will need handshaking protocol allowing the receiver FPGA to request sync word transmission from FPIX.

6. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 6 Word Sync Method B

7. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 7 Word Sync Method B A bit more complicated to implement:

8. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 8 Word Sync Method B 6 serial lines would look like:

9. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 9 Word Sync Method B One serial line configuration:

10. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 10 Word Sync Method B More logic required to implement. Word sync every word…very fast recovery from transmission errors…should be very robust. Must use 30 bits per word…177Mbps serial links. Encoding also DC balances by allowing no more than 4 consecutive 0s or 1s (with NRZI).

11. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 11 Signal Edge Skew Sources

12. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 12 Data Edge Skew Sources

13. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 13 Skew Due to Cable Charging Use 34’ pleated foil flat cable (baseline for pixel system). Inject LVDS signal at 177Mbps and 139Mbps. Use pattern generator to transmit pattern with no DC balancing (up to 23 seq 0s or 1s) or a pattern with DC balancing (up to 4 seq 0s or 1s). Look at received (LVDS to 3.3V CMOS) data and measure the signal edge movement due to cable charging.

14. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 14 Cable Charging – 177Mbps No DC Balance

15. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 15 Cable Charging – DC Balance: upto 4 seq 0s or 1s

16. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 16 Cable Charging – 139Mbps No DC Balance

17. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 17 Cable Charging – 139Mbps DC Balance: upto 4 seq 0s or 1s

18. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 18 Cable Charging Conclusions With 34’ cable @ 177Mbps or 139Mbps, DC balancing not critical. @177Mbps and No DC balancing: skew = 2.53ns @177Mbps and DC balancing: skew = 2.33ns @139Mbps and No DC balancing: skew = 1.69ns @139Mbps and DC balancing: skew = 1.69ns

19. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 19 Other Contributions FPIX pad to pad delay: 250ps (assumption) Feedthrough board: 0ns (assumption) Cable propagation delay variation (pair to pair): 1.3ns (previous study) Cable charging: 1.69ns (@139Mbps, DC Balanced or not), 2.53ns (@177Mbps, No DC Balance), or 2.33ns (@177Mbps, DC Balanced up to 4 seq 0s or 1s) Data combiner board: 0ns (assumption) FPGA pin to pin delay: 250ps (assumption) FPGA latch setup requirement: 800ps (Specification).

20. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 20 Timing Margins (Clock Sampling Window) With 177Mbps and No DC Balancing: 520ps With 177Mbps and DC Balancing (4 seq): 720ps With 139Mbps and No DC Balancing: 2.9ns With 139Mbps and DC Balancing (4 seq): 2.9ns Also need to consider jitter of the clock itself.

21. B. Hall June 14, 2001Pixel ReadoutPage 21 Conclusions/Discussion 177Mbps has a good chance of not working. 139Mbps has a good chance of working. FPIX multiple serial line skew should be as tight as possible. Word sync method A (leading 1 technique) will have to be used for 6 serial line configuration with 139Mbps. Word sync method B (leading “00011” technique) can still be used for 1,2, or 3 serial line configurations (@139Mbps).