1. Swine Postmortem Techniques for Grow Finish Locke Karriker DVM, MS Pat Halbur, DVM, PhD Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory

2. Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

3. Objectives for this session n Use images to review step-by-step procedures for necropsy procedure n Identify gross abnormalities of respiratory (lungs) and enteric systems (digestive track) n Understand the collection of appropriate tissue specimens for diagnostic investigation n Provide diagnostic tips and comments for achieving maximum value from diagnostic lab submissions

4. Reflect front and rear legs Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

5. Make a tab of skin beginning under the mandibles Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

6. Pull up on the tab and reflect skin while cutting through the sternum. Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

13. Locate ileocecocolic junction cecum Colon ileum Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

14. Identify the ileocecocolic junction String out the small intestine by cutting the mesentery Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

27. Porcine Enteritis Nursery and Grow-Finish n Ileum: Two 10 cm sections fresh/chilled, four 1 cm sections fixed n Jejunum: Two 10 cm sections fresh/chilled, four 1 cm sections fixed n Cecum and colon: Entire organ or two 10 cm segments of the spiral colon fresh/chilled, four 1 cm pieces fixed n Lesions: 10 cm segment fresh, several pieces fixed n Feces: 10 ml chilled n Mesenteric lymph node: Fresh and fixed n Liver: ¼ of organ fresh, 3 slices fixed n Stomach: Examine for and submit lesions

28. 1 cm sections for histopath jejunum ileum cecum Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

29. Thickened small intestinal mucosa in a case of PCV2- associated enteritis Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

30. Nursery-Finisher Enteritis Sampling Tips and Comments n Collect intestines after all other organ samples are collected to avoid fecal contamination n Package small intestines separate from large, package GI tissues separate from all other tissues n Samples must be taken within minutes of death to minimize autolysis of villi n Flush intestinal contents out of histopath sections and expose mucosa to formalin n In cases of necrotic enteritis, submit necrotic segments and adjacent non-necrotic segments

31. Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine Porcine Pneumonia n Brain: ½ fresh/chilled and ½ fixed n Upper respiratory tract Swab of turbinateSwab of turbinate Swab of bronchusSwab of bronchus Turbinate scroll fixedTurbinate scroll fixed n Lung Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid if PRRSV VI requestedBronchoalveolar lavage fluid if PRRSV VI requested Entire side with no holes or generous portion (10 cm cube) with lesion submitted freshEntire side with no holes or generous portion (10 cm cube) with lesion submitted fresh Five 1 cm slices formalin-fixed…see mapFive 1 cm slices formalin-fixed…see map n Tracheobronchial lymph node: ½ fresh, ½ fixed n Tonsil: ½ fresh and ½ fixed

32. Nasal swabs can be taken from live or euthanized pigs. Use appropriate swabs (viral or bacterial) and get sample from the middle region of the nasal turbinate. Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

33. A hack saw is used to cut the snout for a transverse view Septal deviation Turbinate atrophy Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

34. Necropsy approach in a finisher pig with respiratory disease Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

35. Ventral approach Lateral approach Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

36. View of the carcass after removal of sternum and ventral abdominal skin and cracking the ribs back Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

37. View of the carcass on which a lateral approach was used and sets of 2-3 ribs were cracked back Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

38. Ventral head/mandible Larynx Remove larynx with the pulmonary tract pluck Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

39. Thoracic inlet Lung Trachea and lymph nodes Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

40. Location for collection of 5 slices of lung for histopath 1 2 3 4 5 Include airway cross sections Include affected and adjacent unaffected tissue Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

41. Collect tracheobronchial lymph nodes for microbiology and histopath Lung from a pig experimentally infected with porcine circovirus type 2 Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

54. 1. Carefully cut through the skin and just into the joint capsule 2. Using torque, pop open the joint and collect joint fluid on a swab or in a syringe Collect synovium for histopath exam Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

55. Collect lymph nodes for microbiological testing and histopath exam inguinal LN iliac LN mediastinal LN Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

56. Examine skin and collect lesions in different stages of progression Erysipelas Parvovirus and Staphylococcus aureus Porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome Salmonellosis Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine

57. Acknowledgements n ISU-VDL Pathology Section Faculty Dr. Pat HalburDr. Pat Halbur Dr. Kent SchwartzDr. Kent Schwartz Dr. Mike YaegerDr. Mike Yaeger Dr. Dave LarsonDr. Dave Larson Dr. Bruce JankeDr. Bruce Janke n ISU-VDL Director Dr. Gary OsweilerDr. Gary Osweiler n ISU-VDL Necropsy Floor Staff Ray GroverRay Grover Mike JenningsMike Jennings Jeff MeisterJeff Meister n ISU Biomedical Communications Jim Fosse for photographyJim Fosse for photography

58. http://www.vetmed.iastate.edu/departments/vdpam/vdl/userguide/pathology Thanks and good luck with your diagnostic investigations… Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine