1. Sunday, 18 September 2005 Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA 1 The Nordic Model ….

2. Sunday, 18 September 2005 Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA 2 The Nordic Model ….  generous social benefits "from cradle to grave"  yet, economies generally doing well ….  Finland, Denmark, Sweden & Norway in top 6 for competitiveness  high standards of education, health & living standards – low corruption  unemployment relatively low (but how real are figures?) The rest are green with envy ….

3. Sunday, 18 September 2005 Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA 3 The Nordic Model ….

4. Sunday, 18 September 2005 Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA 4 The Nordic Model ….

5. Sunday, 18 September 2005 Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA 5 The Nordic Model ….

6. Sunday, 18 September 2005 Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA 6 The Nordic Model ….

7. Sunday, 18 September 2005 Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA 7 The Nordic Model ….  high taxes: 50% of income compared to Anglo-Saxon 35% & French 42%  people accept it, as benefits are good …. COST OF NORDIC MODEL? HOW DO THEY DO IT?  painful restructuring in 80s/90s  manufacturing allowed to decline without paranoia  R&D and development of services privileged  example: Getinge, maker of medical respirators, 120 out of 300 in R&D  "mature", realistic attitude to globalization, outsourcing, delocating……  workforces flexible – agree to adapt hours to work  more acceptance of dismissals  co-operative unions – management-union partnerships, not confrontation  workforce generally rejects protectionism – accept restructuring

8. Sunday, 18 September 2005 Chris SNUGGS, ISUGA 8 The Nordic Model …. SO, ALL IS ROSY IN GARDEN?  Nordic countries on upward curve, but nothing lasts for ever  high taxes are brake on economy: IKEA, TETRA PAK, SKYPE all based outside Scandinavia  massive benefits of oil to Norway, Steel in Sweden & wood pulp to Finland  Norway just elected leftish government ….. WHY NOT EXPORT THE “MODEL”?  human nature to want the benefits, but not the pain  cultural gulf between Northern & Southern Europe  being a large country not always a help (pretentions ….)  Adoption of Nordic model demands change in "Olde Europe" mindset