1. Workshop on Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation Washington DC, September 2010 SDV Social Development Department Addressing the Social Dimensions of Climate Change and Climate Risk Management Margaret Arnold Senior Social Development Specialist Social Dimensions of Climate Change, SDV September 21, 2010

2. Workshop on Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation Washington DC, September 2010 SDV Social Development Department What are the social dimensions of climate change? Overview of SDCC program – mitigation and adaptation pillars What does CC mean for DRM and Social Development? What does SD and DRM bring to CC? What are the entry points? Approaches and tools to integrate a social development approach to climate risk management related projects Examples from recent and ongoing work

3. The lower the GDP, the more people killed by natural disasters

4. *Annual aggregate national CO2 emissions 2000 Source: SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan), 2006, cited in Global Humanitarian Forum (2009), The Anatomy of a Silent Crsis World map reflecting carbon emissions

5. Emissions and vulnerability to climate change (adapted from SEG 2007)

7. SDCC Practice Group: Focus on equity dimensions of CC within developing countries Resilience and pro-poor adaptation to climate change understanding how climate- and non climate-related drivers of vulnerability interact with one another; identifying appropriate operational and policy entry points for building societal resilience and pro-poor adaptation to natural disasters, climate variability and change; Social risks and opportunities in climate change action both adaptation and mitigation can entail significant distributional, poverty and social impacts maximizing the potential ‘development dividend’ from low-carbon growth strategies for poor and vulnerable groups, including the livelihood co-benefits of terrestrial (soil and forest) carbon schemes minimizing the risks of elite capture and social exclusion in such forms of climate action.

8. GOALS 1. Enhance understanding of vulnerability and resilience in order to improve the quality of advisory services and technical assistance 2. Explore how equity and good governance contribute to improved development effectiveness in the context of climate change 3. Provide information on tools and methods that enhance our capacity to achieve development effectiveness and avoid negative social impacts www.worldbank.org/sdcc SDCC online learning module

9. 3 inter-disciplinary areas of study and practice related to poverty reduction Disaster Risk Management (DRM) Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Social Development

10. A new context for development Ever evolving, scientific information at global level on risk scenarios – ability to drill down effectively not there yet Complex social responses to these impacts and issues of social justice - (substantive equity) Critical need to increase voice, capacity and engagement of vulnerable groups in setting development and CC priorities at national and sub-national level (procedural equity) High visibility agenda and political will to focus on risk in development Opportunity/challenge to work across sectors and layers $$$?

11. What do DRM and SD bring to CCA? Tangibility Practical solutions Lessons from decades of good and bad practice Social accountability, social learning approaches and participatory methods DRM as an important point of entry for dialogue and action

12. Existing SD frameworks and tools bring added value Sustainable Livelihoods Framework Assets and Capabilities Framework Social Risk Management Framework

13. Approach/ToolDescriptionKey resources Social Analysis of Investment Lending Examines the social opportunities, constraints and likely impacts of Bank- supported operations Social Analysis Sourcebook, (World Bank), 2002 Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) is a tool used to analyze the distributional impact of policy reforms on the well-being or welfare of different stakeholder groups, with particular focus on the poor and vulnerable. A User’s Guide to Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (The World Bank), 2003 Analyzing the Distributional Impact of Reforms (The World Bank), 2005 Country Social AnalysisMacro-level analytical approach, developed to improve understanding of a country’s political and social context. “Understanding Socio-economic and Political Factors to Impact Policy Change” (World Bank), 2006Understanding Socio-economic and Political Factors to Impact Policy Change Country Gender Assessment Improve understanding of the role gender issues play in a country’s development context in order to improve opportunities for women. A Conceptual Framework for Gender Analysis and Planning (International Labour Organisation), 1998 Gender Assessment (World Bank), 2006 Stakeholder AnalysisDetermine the interests and influence of different groups in relation to a reform. Social Analysis Sourcebook, (World Bank), 2002 Tools and approaches for operationalizing climate risk management and adaptation From forthcoming SDCC Operational Toolkit

14. Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Engaging stakeholders at various levels in M&E of a project, program or policy. They share control over the process and results of the M&E and engage in identifying corrective actions. Sleeping on our own mats: An Introductory guide to Community-based Monitoring and Evaluation (World Bank), 2002 Community-based Risk Screening Tool- Adaptation and Livelihoods (CRiSTAL) Provides an understanding of the links between people’s livelihoods, climate-related risks, and project activities. ProVention Consortium Guidance Notes www.proventionconsortium.org Participatory Poverty Assessments Includes poor people's views in the analysis of poverty and the formulation of strategies to reduce it through public policy. Participatory Poverty Assessment - A Rough Guide to PPAs (Overseas Development Institute), 2001 Participatory Scenario Development for Climate Change Including communities’ views in the analysis of climate vulnerability and the formulation of mitigation/adaptation strategies to reduce it. Economics of Adaptation to Climate change - Social Dimensions ( SDV) 2009. Institutional AnalysisUnderstanding of political economy and governance issues through analysis of institutions involved in design and implementation of reforms and potential constraints that these dynamics generate. A User’s Guide to Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (The World Bank), 2003; Interest Groups and Organizations as Stakeholders, SD Paper 35 (World Bank), 2001 Resettlement for disaster risk reduction Toolkit and case studies from Latin AmericaSocial Development, forthcoming. Building Resilient Communities CDD toolkit for integrating DRM into CDD and social fund operations. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INT SF/Resources/Building_Resilient_Comm unities_Complete.pdf Community Risk Assessment Toolkit Searchable database of 50+ methods and approaches for community based vulnerability and risk assessment www.proventionconsortium.org Tools and approaches, cont.

15. Example 1: Early warning in Bangladesh Investment in cyclone shelters that were not being used Women responded more to early warnings issued by women Adjustments to physical space could make them safer and more comfortable for women Promotion of women as disaster risk management champions

16. Example 2: Andra Pradesh Drought Adaptation Initiative (APDAI) Bank study on adaptation in AP recommended a strategy with focus on local level Pilot targeted the two districts with lowest income Dual focus on improved water management and livelihood diversification Focus on participatory approach in all stages Of 19 pilots, more than half are being upscaled

17. Example 3: Mexico Sustainable Territorial Development DPL Poverty and Social Impact Analysis (PSIA) – analyzing the distributional impacts of climate related disasters and how social assistance programs help the poor manage risk DRM component – Risk identification – Risk reduction – Risk financing

18. www.worldbank.org/sdcc

19. For more: www.worldbank.org/sdcc