1. ASSESS TARGET DELIVER MEASURE Understanding Building Energy Audits Joe Hofstetter P.E., CEM, LEED AP Karpinski Engineering

2. Terms ASHRAE – American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air- Conditioning Engineers AEE – Association of Energy Engineers PEA – Preliminary Energy-use Analysis ENERGY AUDIT/ASSESSMENT – An overall study of building operation, energy end-use, and energy consuming equipment over a specified period of time. ECM – Energy Conservation Measure IPMVP – International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol RETRO-COMMISSIONING (RCx) – Capturing an existing building’s owners requirements, and putting a plan in place to identify, resolve and document that these requirements are being met

3. Getting Prepared Selecting the Right Tool Length of Time Level of Detail Reason for Audit

4. Types of Audits LEVEL III LEVEL II LEVEL I ACCURACY COST

5. Audit Process Conduct PEAConduct Initial Walk throughInitial onsite interviews LEVEL III LEVEL II LEVEL I Audit Results Identify straight forward or low cost recommendationsIdentify capital improvement needsProvide order of magnitude potentials based on benchmarking and targeting

6. LEVEL III LEVEL II LEVEL I Audit Results Preliminary Scopes of work with Cost EstimatesDetailed energy calculations for specific ECMsListing of improvement measures with payback Audit Process Review building documents and conduct detailed interviews with facilitiesMeasure key parametersDetailed interviews with facilities and Analyze capital/O&M budgets

7. LEVEL III LEVEL II LEVEL I Audit Results More detailed scopes of workTotal building energy modeling (impact of multiple ECMs working together)Schematic layouts for recommendations Audit Process Energy Model simulationsExtended time equipment monitoring / data loggingRefined analysis

8. Preliminary Energy-Use Analysis

9. Combined Fuel End-Use Breakdown

10. Field Work and Measurement Tools Thermography testing Basic level equipment testing and balancing Measurement tools for trending

11. Modeling The interaction between improvement measures can have a significant impact on the overall building performance

12. Types of Improvements Lighting upgrades Building management systems System controls Water conservation measures Chiller and boiler optimization upgrades Renewable energy Building envelope Improvements Site engagement programs GHG reduction planning Master energy planning Fans, air distribution and A/C Central plants Computer power management Fire & safety systems LEED certification Electrical demand response Electrical load shedding

13. Average Cost of Auditing Level 1 Audit = Free to $0.05 / Square Foot Level 2 Audit = $0.10-$0.15 / Square Foot Level 3 Audit =$0.25-$0.50 / Square Foot As a rule of thumb, typical auditing services should not exceed approximately 10% of the total annual energy spend

14. ECM Sheet

15. Life Cycle Analysis

16. Setting Up for Success What’s our payback? How fast do we want to implement? What other factors can be considered that ECMs may impact both positive and negative? How will the project be funded? Will the implementation of these services interrupt the flow of business? Do I need my savings to be guaranteed? How do I explain “savings” when my utility bill goes up? TARGET DELIVER MEASURE