1. Engineering Technology Division
Power Plant Construction and QA/QC
Section 3.1 & 2 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals and Design

2. Hero Reaction Turbine – 120 B.C.
Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Overview
Hero Reaction Turbine – 120 B.C.
First Practical Turbine – 1884, C. Parsons
First Power Plant – 7.5 kw – 1890
Reaction, Impulse and Velocity-Compounded
Reheat Steam – 1930’s
Last 100 years Turbine is the key element in generating electricity
Turbines run Generators, Pumps, Fans, etc.
Today up to 1,500 MW

3. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Overview

4. Coal, Natural Gas, Nuclear, Biofuel, Waste Fuel
Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Fundamentals
Energy Transfer
Coal, Natural Gas, Nuclear, Biofuel, Waste Fuel

5. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Reaction Turbines
Newton’s third law of motion – For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Narrowing Steam Path
Narrowing Steam Path

6. Impulse Turbines Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Steam / Gas Flow
Fixed Vanes
Moving Blades

7. Reaction – Impulse Comparison
Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Reaction – Impulse Comparison

8. Velocity-Compounded Turbine
Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Velocity-Compounded Turbine
Velocity compounding is a form of staging which by dividing the work load over several stages results in improved efficiency and a smaller diameter for the blade wheels due to a reduction in Ideal blade speed per stage.
Inlet Pressure
Inlet Velocity 1
P = V

9. Turbine Components - Blades
Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Turbine Components - Blades
Impulse
Reaction

10. Diaphragms contain the fixed blades
Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Turbine Diaphragms
Diaphragms contain the fixed blades

11. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Steam Turbine Casing

12. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Turbine Rotor

13. Turbine Shaft and Casing Seals
Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Turbine Shaft and Casing Seals

14. Turbine Types Straight HP Tandem HP Tandem LP
Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Turbine Types
Straight HP
Tandem HP
Tandem LP

15. Turbine – Multiple Sets
Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Turbine – Multiple Sets

16. Section 3.1 – Steam Turbine Fundamentals
Questions?

17. Type – Reaction or Impulse Steam Temperature and Pressure
Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design
Overview
Classification by;
Type – Reaction or Impulse
Steam Temperature and Pressure
Configuration – Compound, Tandem Compound, Cross Compound
Reheat
Output – MW
Structural Elements

18. Turbine Design - Basics
Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design
Turbine Design - Basics

19. Stainless Steel – 403 & 422 (+Cr) 17-4 PH steel (+ Ti) Super Alloys
Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design
Materials
Blades
Stainless Steel – 403 & 422 (+Cr)
17-4 PH steel (+ Ti)
Super Alloys
Rotor
High “Chrome – Moley” Steel – Cr-Mo-V
Low “Ni Chrome Steel – Ni-Cr-Mo-V

20. Section 3.2 – Steam Turbine Design
Questions?