1. October 2011 1 www.eurofins.com/glove-testing Protective Gloves: Permeation testing Reinhard Oppl John Hansen Eurofins Product Testing A/S Denmark, Germany, France, USA, China, … www.eurofins.com/glove-testing

2. October 2011 2 www.eurofins.com/glove-testing Eurofins Product Testing – Locations Galten, Denmark near Arhus Eurofins Product Testing A/S ProductTesting-GA@eurofins.com Other business areas: Tests of food, feed, pharmaceuticals, genetics, environment Manchester (UK) Galten (DK) Paris (FR) Torino (IT) Hamburg (D) Shanghai (CN) Bangkok (TH) Hong Kong (HK) Shenzhen (CN) Des Moines (USA) Reichenwalde (D) Bangalore (IND) Bratislava (SK) Aix (FR) Barneveld (NL)

3. October 2011 3 www.eurofins.com/glove-testing Test: Exposure of outer surface Tightness against gases and liquids (Penetration through seams, cracks and holes) EN 374-2, ASTM F903; visual evaluation (droplets, bubbles) Infiltration on molecular level (Permeation) EN 374-3, ASTM F739, ISO 6529; Collection medium / analysis Resistance (Degradation) ASTM D471-98, or similar to ISO 1817 Change of physical properties (e.g. tactile strength) Ingredients test: Skin tolerance / allergies EN 455-3, latex proteins EN 420, Chrome VI (leather gloves) Protective gloves – chemicals

4. October 2011 4 www.eurofins.com/glove-testing Infiltration on molecular level (Permeation) Procedure Absorption in outer layers Diffusion; possibly through several layers Release from inner surface Parameter: Breakthrough time and permeation rate Experience Small molecules permeate faster than larger ones Solvents may carry with them other substances that else may break through much later Chemical similarity of membrane and chemical increases permeation Larger thickness slows down breakthrough; thickness varies within a glove; take sample from palm or from back? Protective gloves – chemicals

5. October 2011 5 www.eurofins.com/glove-testing Nitrile does not equal Nitrile Latex, Nitrile, Neoprene: Huge differences in composition; Nitrile glove can be 100% nitrile latex, or it can be mainly natural latex with thin outer layer of nitrile latex Mention a real product in Safety Data Sheet? Conditions of use and of test Temperature (23 °C / 27 °C / 33°C) (huge effect) Stretching (when moving fingers) (only small effect) Duration of use and of test (splash protection / 8 hours / re-use next days) Protective gloves – chemicals

6. October 2011 6 www.eurofins.com/glove-testing Analysis Continuous / discontinuous Direct monitoring (FID, UV, pH, conductivity, …) or enrichment by sampling Collection medium: Air / water / solids Not volatile, not soluble in water : Collection disc is pressed tightly to inner side; then desorption by solvent and GC or HPLC analysis Protective gloves – chemicals

7. October 2011 7 www.eurofins.com/glove-testing Best MAPA ISO 6529 Protective gloves – chemicals

8. October 2011 8 www.eurofins.com/glove-testing Protective Gloves – Permeation www.eurofins.com/glove-testing

9. October 2011 9 www.eurofins.com/glove-testing Permeation testing since 1988 Test with adsorption discs: 1 st laboratory in Europe firstly developed for epoxy coatings Projects Improved Method for Testing of Protective Gloves German Work Insurance and Prevention Services, 1999 Testing method for protective gloves for PAH at renovation work German Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, 2003 Risk assessment for occupational dermal exposure to chemicals EU Commission, coordinated by TNO, 2004 Permeation testing - Eurofins

10. October 2011 10 www.eurofins.com/glove-testing Which chemical product or mixture? If possible – selection of representative products Physical state – gas, liquid, viscous, solid, granulate? Selection of gloves for testing? Safety versus wearing comfort and costs Which manufacturer? Who buys the samples? Questions on testing Duration / frequency of testing Testing temperature (our recommendation: at 33 °C as "worst-case") Selection of collection medium and detection / analysis Calibration with product, or with clean substances? Ideas of customer on extraction / analysis? Questions before any test